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Ruteniu
Ruteniu

rubidiu
rubidiu



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Ruteniu
X
rubidiu

Ruteniu vs rubidiu

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1 Tabelul periodic
1.1 Simbol
Ru
Rb
1.2 Număr grup
Tennessine Metal
8
Rank: 10 (Overall)
1
Rank: 17 (Overall)
gadoliniu Metal
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1.3 perioada Număr
Uraniu Metal
5
Rank: 3 (Overall)
5
Rank: 3 (Overall)
litiu Metal
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1.4 bloc
d block
s block
1.5 Element de familie
metal de tranziție
alcaliu
1.6 Numărul CAS
roentgeniu Metal
7440188
Rank: 61 (Overall)
7440177
Rank: 62 (Overall)
Aluminiu Metal
1.7 Nume grup spațiu
P63 / mmc
3m Im_
1.8 Număr spațiu grup
Sodiu Metal
194,00
Rank: 5 (Overall)
229,00
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Plutoniu Metal
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2 Fapte
2.1 Fapte interesante
  • Element de ruteniu a fost extras din combustibilul nuclear uzat.
  • Ruteniu de metal, de asemenea, produce ca un produs secundar al mineritului nichel.
  • Rubidiu de metal este un element al 16-lea cel mai frecvent găsit în scoarța terestră.
  • metalice rubidiu, de asemenea, găsite în minerale precum și apa de mare.
2.2 surse
Produs secundar al Nichel Rafinare, S-au găsit în minerale, Minerit
S-a obținut din producția de litiu.
2.3 Istorie
2.3.1 care a descoperit
Karl Ernst Claus
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
2.3.2 Descoperire
în 1844
în 1861
2.4 Abundenţă
2.4.1 Abundenței În Universul
Fier Metal
4 * 10-7 %
Rank: 20 (Overall)
1 * 10-6 %
Rank: 16 (Overall)
taliu Metal
2.4.4 Abundenței În Soare
Fier Metal
~0.0000005 %
Rank: 22 (Overall)
~0.000003 %
Rank: 17 (Overall)
beriliului Metal
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2.4.6 Abundenței În Meteoriți
Fier Metal
0,00 %
Rank: 26 (Overall)
0,00 %
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Aur Metal
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2.4.8 Abundenței în scoarța Pământului
Aluminiu Metal
0,00 %
Rank: 54 (Overall)
0,01 %
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Radiu Metal
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2.4.11 Abundenței în oceanele
Sodiu Metal
0,00 %
Rank: 38 (Overall)
0,00 %
Rank: 7 (Overall)
protactiniu Metal
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2.4.13 Abundenței la om
Calciu Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
0,00 %
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Radiu Metal
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3 utilizări
3.1 Utilizări și beneficii
Character length exceed error
  • cererea principală a rubidiu este în fabricarea sticlei.
  • Rubidiu poate ajunge foarte ușor ionizat și, prin urmare, este utilizat pentru motoarele de ioni, dar este mai puțin eficientă decât cea a Cesiu.
3.1.2 Utilizări industriale
industria aerospațială, industria de automobile, Industria chimica, industria electrotehnică, industria electronică
N / A
3.1.3 Utilizări medicale
Cercetare medicala
N / A
3.1.4 alte utilizări
Aliaje
Aliaje, Scopuri de cercetare
3.2 Proprietățile biologice
3.2.1 Toxicitate
Toxic scăzut
non Toxic
3.2.2 Prezent în corpul uman
Nu
da
3.2.3 in Blood
Sodiu Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
2,49 Sânge / mg dm-3
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Plutoniu Metal
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3.2.5 in Bone
Calciu Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
5,00 ppm
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Plutoniu Metal
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4 Fizic
4.1 Punct de topire
Tungsten Metal
2.250,00 ° C
Rank: 8 (Overall)
38,89 ° C
Rank: 78 (Overall)
franciu Metal
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4.2 Punct de fierbere
Tungsten Metal
3.900,00 ° C
Rank: 14 (Overall)
688,00 ° C
Rank: 74 (Overall)
Fleroviu Metal
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4.3 Aspect
4.3.1 Stare fizică
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Culoare
silvery alb
grayish alb
4.3.4 Luciu
Metalic
N / A
4.4 Duritate
4.4.1 Mohs Duritate
Crom Metal
6,50
Rank: 5 (Overall)
0,30
Rank: 24 (Overall)
cesiu Metal
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4.4.4 Duritatea Brinell
Osmiu Metal
2.160,00 MPa
Rank: 3 (Overall)
0,22 MPa
Rank: 55 (Overall)
cesiu Metal
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4.4.7 Duritatea Vickers
Tungsten Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Paladiu Metal
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4.7 Viteza sunetului
tehnețiu Metal
5.970,00 Domnișoară
Rank: 4 (Overall)
1.300,00 Domnișoară
Rank: 50 (Overall)
taliu Metal
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5.2 Proprietăți optice
5.2.1 Indicele de refractie
Paladiu Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercur Metal
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5.5.2 reflexiei
Argint Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
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5.6 forme alotropice
Nu
Nu
5.6.1 alfa forme alotropice
Nu e disponibil
Nu e disponibil
5.6.2 p forme alotropice
Nu e disponibil
Nu e disponibil
5.6.3 y forme alotropice
Nu e disponibil
Nu e disponibil
6 Chimic
6.1 Formula chimica
Ru
Rb
6.2 izotopii
6.2.1 Izotopi cunoscute
Paladiu Metal
26
Rank: 13 (Overall)
29
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Tennessine Metal
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6.4 Electronegativitate
6.4.1 Pauling Electronegativitate
Aur Metal
2,20
Rank: 4 (Overall)
0,82
Rank: 51 (Overall)
franciu Metal
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6.4.4 Sanderson Electronegativitate
Cobalt Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
0,31
Rank: 32 (Overall)
cesiu Metal
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6.5.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativitate
Galiu Metal
1,42
Rank: 18 (Overall)
0,89
Rank: 40 (Overall)
cesiu Metal
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6.8.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativitate
Poloniu Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
0,69
Rank: 24 (Overall)
cesiu Metal
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6.9.1 Allen Electronegativitate
berkelium Metal
1,54
Rank: 25 (Overall)
0,71
Rank: 46 (Overall)
cesiu Metal
6.12 Electropositivity
6.12.1 Pauling Electropositivity
franciu Metal
1,80
Rank: 49 (Overall)
3,18
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Aur Metal
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7.2 Energiile ionizarea
7.2.2 Primul nivel de energie
Crom Metal
710,20 kJ / mol
Rank: 32 (Overall)
403,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 88 (Overall)
cesiu Metal
7.3.1 Nivelul 2 Energie
Crom Metal
710,22 kJ / mol
Rank: 83 (Overall)
2.633,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Ruteniu Metal
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7.4.1 3rd Level Energy
Crom Metal
2.747,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 37 (Overall)
3.860,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Osmiu Metal
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7.5.3 4a Nivel de energie
Crom Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
5.080,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 18 (Overall)
toriu Metal
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7.6.2 A 5 Nivel de energie
Crom Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
6.850,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Dubnium Metal
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7.6.4 A 6 Nivel de energie
Crom Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
8.140,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 20 (Overall)
seaborgiu Metal
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7.7.1 Nivelul de energie al 7-lea
Crom Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
9.570,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 20 (Overall)
bohrium Metal
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8.1.2 A 8-Level Energy
Crom Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
13.120,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 17 (Overall)
hassiu Metal
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8.1.6 Al 9-lea nivel de energie
Crom Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
14.500,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 18 (Overall)
itriu Metal
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8.2.3 A 10 Nivel de energie
Crom Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
26.740,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Stronţiu Metal
8.2.5 11 Nivelul de energie
Magneziu Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
itriu Metal
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8.2.7 12 Nivelul de energie
Magneziu Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
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9.2.1 13 Nivel de energie
Titan Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
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9.3.1 14 Nivel de energie
vanadiu Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
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9.5.1 15 Nivel de energie
Crom Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mangan Metal
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9.6.2 16 Nivelul de energie
Mangan Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Fier Metal
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9.6.4 17 Nivelul de energie
Fier Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cobalt Metal
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9.7.1 18 Nivelul de energie
Cobalt Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nichel Metal
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9.7.2 19 Nivel de energie
Nichel Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cupru Metal
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9.7.3 20 Nivelul de energie
Zinc Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
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9.7.4 21 Nivelul de energie
Zinc Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
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9.7.5 22 Nivelul de energie
Cupru Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
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9.7.6 23 Nivelul de energie
Cupru Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
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9.7.7 24 Nivelul de energie
Fier Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
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9.7.8 25 Nivelul de energie
molibdenul Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
9.7.9 26 Nivelul de energie
molibdenul Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
9.7.10 27 Nivelul de energie
molibdenul Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
9.7.11 28 Nivelul de energie
molibdenul Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
9.7.12 29 Nivelul de energie
molibdenul Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
9.7.13 30 Nivelul de energie
molibdenul Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
molibdenul Metal
9.8 echivalent electrochimică
franciu Metal
1,26 g / amp-hr
Rank: 51 (Overall)
3,19 g / amp-hr
Rank: 14 (Overall)
beriliului Metal
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9.9 Funcția de electroni de lucru
Platină Metal
4,71 eV
Rank: 9 (Overall)
2,16 eV
Rank: 45 (Overall)
cesiu Metal
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9.10 Celelalte proprietăți chimice
anti coroziune, ionizarea, Izotopii radioactivi, Solubilitate
Coroziune, ionizarea, Izotopii radioactivi, Radioactivitate
10 Atomic
10.1 Numar atomic
Tennessine Metal
44
Rank: 68 (Overall)
37
Rank: 75 (Overall)
litiu Metal
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10.2 Configuratie electronica
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
[Kr] 5s1
10.3 Structura de cristal
Hexagonala Închide Ambalat (HCP)
Corp Centrat cilindrică (CCA)
10.3.1 rețelei de cristal
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Numărul de Protonii
Tennessine Metal
44
Rank: 67 (Overall)
37
Rank: 74 (Overall)
litiu Metal
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10.4.2 Numărul de Neutronii
Fleroviu Metal
57
Rank: 50 (Overall)
48
Rank: 56 (Overall)
litiu Metal
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10.4.3 Numărul de Electronii
Tennessine Metal
44
Rank: 67 (Overall)
37
Rank: 74 (Overall)
litiu Metal
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10.5 Raza unui Atom
10.5.1 Raza atomică
cesiu Metal
134,00 p.m
Rank: 43 (Overall)
248,00 p.m
Rank: 2 (Overall)
beriliului Metal
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10.5.2 Raza covalentă
franciu Metal
146,00 p.m
Rank: 38 (Overall)
220,00 p.m
Rank: 4 (Overall)
beriliului Metal
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10.5.3 Van der Waals Raza
franciu Metal
200,00 p.m
Rank: 28 (Overall)
303,00 p.m
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Zinc Metal
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10.6 Greutate atomica
Tennessine Metal
101,07 amu
Rank: 62 (Overall)
85,47 amu
Rank: 69 (Overall)
litiu Metal
10.7 volum atomic
cesiu Metal
8,30 cm3 / mol
Rank: 59 (Overall)
55,90 cm3 / mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Mangan Metal
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10.8 Numere atomice adiacente
10.8.1 Elementul precedent
10.8.2 Elementul următor
10.9 Valence Electron Potential
Platină Metal
64,00 (-EV)
Rank: 22 (Overall)
9,47 (-EV)
Rank: 65 (Overall)
franciu Metal
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10.10 Constant zabrele
Mangan Metal
270,59 p.m
Rank: 67 (Overall)
558,50 p.m
Rank: 10 (Overall)
beriliului Metal
10.11 zabrele Unghiuri
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
10.12 C latice / A Ratio
cadmiu Metal
1,58
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
beriliului Metal
11 Mecanic
11.1 Densitate
11.1.1 Densitatea la temperatura camerei
hassiu Metal
12,45 g / cm3
Rank: 27 (Overall)
1,53 g / cm3
Rank: 81 (Overall)
litiu Metal
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11.1.2 Densitate Când lichid (la mp)
Osmiu Metal
10,65 g / cm3
Rank: 16 (Overall)
1,46 g / cm3
Rank: 56 (Overall)
litiu Metal
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11.2 Rezistență la tracțiune
Fier Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
indiu Metal
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11.3 Viscozitate
Mercur Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercur Metal
11.4 Presiunea de vapori
11.4.1 Presiunea de vapori la 1000 K
Stronţiu Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
ceriu Metal
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11.4.2 Presiunea de vapori la 2000 K
Crom Metal
0,00 (Pa)
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Tungsten Metal
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11.5 Proprietățile elasticitate
11.5.1 shear Modulus
Osmiu Metal
173,00 GPa
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Potasiu Metal
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11.5.2 Modulus în vrac
Osmiu Metal
220,00 GPa
Rank: 7 (Overall)
2,50 GPa
Rank: 49 (Overall)
cesiu Metal
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11.5.3 Modulul lui Young
Iridiu Metal
447,00 GPa
Rank: 3 (Overall)
2,40 GPa
Rank: 57 (Overall)
cesiu Metal
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11.6 poisson Raportul
Galiu Metal
0,30
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
beriliului Metal
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11.7 Alte proprietăți mecanice
Ductil, Maleabil
Ductil
12 Magnetic
12.1 Caracteristici magnetice
12.1.1 Gravitație specifică
Cobalt Metal
12,45
Rank: 19 (Overall)
1,53
Rank: 67 (Overall)
litiu Metal
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12.1.2 Comenzi magnetice
paramagnetic
paramagnetic
12.1.3 Permeabilitate
Fier Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismut Metal
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12.1.4 Susceptibil
Fier Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismut Metal
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12.2 Proprietăți electrice
12.2.1 Domeniul imobilier electrice
Conductor
Conductor
12.2.2 Rezistivitatea
Mercur Metal
71,00 nΩ · m
Rank: 38 (Overall)
128,00 nΩ · m
Rank: 26 (Overall)
taliu Metal
ADD ⊕
12.2.3 Conductivitate electrică
Argint Metal
0,14 10 6 / cm Ω
Rank: 16 (Overall)
0,08 10 6 / cm Ω
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Plutoniu Metal
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12.2.4 electron afinitate
Aur Metal
101,30 kJ / mol
Rank: 10 (Overall)
46,90 kJ / mol
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Mercur Metal
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13 Termic
13.1 Căldura specifică
litiu Metal
0,24 J / (kg K)
Rank: 24 (Overall)
0,36 J / (kg K)
Rank: 17 (Overall)
americiu Metal
ADD ⊕
13.2 Molara Capacitatea de căldură
americiu Metal
24,06 J / mol · K
Rank: 54 (Overall)
31,06 J / mol · K
Rank: 5 (Overall)
beriliului Metal
ADD ⊕
13.3 Conductivitate termică
Argint Metal
117,00 W / m · K
Rank: 13 (Overall)
58,20 W / m · K
Rank: 26 (Overall)
neptuniu Metal
ADD ⊕
13.4 Temperatura critică
litiu Metal
Nu e disponibil
Rank: N/A (Overall)
2.093,00 K
Rank: 4 (Overall)
yterbiu Metal
ADD ⊕
13.5 Expansiunea termică
cesiu Metal
6,40 pm / (m · K)
Rank: 51 (Overall)
90,00 pm / (m · K)
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Tungsten Metal
ADD ⊕
13.6 entalpia
13.6.1 Entalpia de Vaporizarea
Tungsten Metal
567,80 kJ / mol
Rank: 10 (Overall)
69,20 kJ / mol
Rank: 56 (Overall)
Zinc Metal
ADD ⊕
13.6.2 Entalpie Fusion
Tungsten Metal
25,50 kJ / mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)
2,19 kJ / mol
Rank: 62 (Overall)
cesiu Metal
ADD ⊕
13.6.3 Entalpie de atomizare
Tungsten Metal
603,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 9 (Overall)
82,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 59 (Overall)
Mercur Metal
ADD ⊕
13.7 Standard Molar Entropy
protactiniu Met..
28,50 J / mol.K
Rank: 54 (Overall)
76,80 J / mol.K
Rank: 5 (Overall)
beriliului Metal
ADD ⊕