Ytterbium vs Cobalt
Periodic Table
Symbol
Yb
Co
Group Number
Not Available
9
9
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440644
26
7440484
38
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Georg Brandt
Discovery
In 1878
In 1732
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
36
0.06 %
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
33
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
37
0.00 %
20
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
- Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3
18
In Bone
Not Available
0.04 p.p.m.
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
824.00 °C
99+
1,495.00 °C
29
Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C
99+
2,870.00 °C
34
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
5.00
8
Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa
31
470.00 MPa
26
Vickers Hardness
206.00 MPa
33
1,043.00 MPa
11
Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s
99+
4,720.00 m/s
14
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
67.00 %
11
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
α-Cobalt
β Allotropes
Not Available
β-Cobalt
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Yb
Co
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.88
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.56
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.06
33
1.70
5
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.84
10
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.12
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
760.40 kJ/mol
19
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol
31
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol
22
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
4,950.00 kJ/mol
19
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,670.00 kJ/mol
12
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,840.00 kJ/mol
12
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,440.00 kJ/mol
11
8th Energy Level
Not Available
15,230.00 kJ/mol
12
9th Energy Level
Not Available
17,959.00 kJ/mol
13
10th Energy Level
Not Available
26,570.00 kJ/mol
7
11th Energy Level
Not Available
29,400.00 kJ/mol
8
12th Energy Level
Not Available
32,400.00 kJ/mol
8
13th Energy Level
Not Available
36,600.00 kJ/mol
8
14th Energy Level
Not Available
39,700.00 kJ/mol
9
15th Energy Level
Not Available
42,800.00 kJ/mol
12
16th Energy Level
Not Available
49,396.00 kJ/mol
11
17th Energy Level
Not Available
52,737.00 kJ/mol
13
18th Energy Level
Not Available
134,810.00 kJ/mol
1
19th Energy Level
Not Available
145,170.00 kJ/mol
2
20th Energy Level
Not Available
154,700.00 kJ/mol
4
21st Energy Level
Not Available
167,400.00 kJ/mol
4
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
178,100.00 kJ/mol
3
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
189,300.00 kJ/mol
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr
25
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
5.00 eV
5
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
70
99+
22
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
70
99+
22
99+
Number of Neutrons
103
31
26
99+
Number of Electrons
70
99+
22
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
147.00 pm
34
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm
12
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
173.05 amu
99+
47.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol
9
10.64 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)
27
95.20 (-eV)
10
Lattice Constant
548.47 pm
11
295.08 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm3
99+
4.51 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm3
99+
4.11 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
58.00 MPa
18
434.00 MPa
9
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.98 (Pa)
14
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
9.90 GPa
99+
44.00 GPa
17
Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa
39
110.00 GPa
15
Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa
99+
116.00 GPa
18
Poisson Ratio
0.21
33
0.32
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.97
99+
4,500.00
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m
99+
420.00 nΩ·m
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω
38
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
7.60 kJ/mol
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
0.52 J/(kg K)
9
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K
25
25.06 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K
35
21.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
26.30 K
7
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)
14
8.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol
99+
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K
21
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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