Mercury vs Palladium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg
Pd
Group Number
12
6
10
8
Period Number
6
5
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439976
99+
7440053
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
166.00
6
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
- Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
- In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
- Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals
Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians
William Hyde Wollaston
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000003 %
24
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %
9
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
- Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
- It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
Not Available
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.
19
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available
1,554.90 °C
22
Boiling Point
356.58 °C
99+
2,963.00 °C
33
Appearance
Physical State
Liquid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silver
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
4.75
9
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
320.00 MPa
33
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
121.00 MPa
36
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s
99+
3,070.00 m/s
26
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.00
3
1.72
1
Reflectivity
73.00 %
8
84.00 %
4
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg
Pd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
38
1
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00
7
2.20
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
1.35
21
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81
9
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.44
30
1.59
22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
99+
1.80
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
520.23 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
7,298.22 kJ/mol
2
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
11,815.13 kJ/mol
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
1.99 g/amp-hr
30
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV
15
5.12 eV
3
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80
36
46
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
[Kr] 4d10
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
80
36
46
99+
Number of Neutrons
121
22
60
99+
Number of Electrons
80
36
46
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
137.00 pm
40
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm
99+
163.00 pm
40
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu
32
106.42 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol
35
8.90 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)
99+
33.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm
99+
389.07 pm
25
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3
24
12.02 g/cm3
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
10.38 g/cm3
17
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
0.00
1
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
30
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
44.00 GPa
17
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
Not Available
121.00 GPa
16
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.39
5
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.53
16
12.02
21
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m
1
105.40 nΩ·m
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω
22
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
54.23 kJ/mol
17
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K
13
25.98 J/mol·K
33
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K
99+
71.80 W/m·K
23
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K
6
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
376.60 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
16.74 kJ/mol
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
393.30 kJ/mol
22
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K
6
37.60 J/mol.K
40
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