Platinum vs Calcium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt
Ca
Group Number
10
8
2
16
Period Number
6
4
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440064
99+
7440702
21
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
- Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1735
In 1808
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %
19
7 * 10-3 %
3
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.007 %
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
25
1.10 %
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
5.00 %
3
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
5
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
1.40 %
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
- Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3
4
In Bone
Not Available
170,000.00 p.p.m.
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C
16
839.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C
15
1,484.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.50
11
1.75
17
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa
34
170.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa
25
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s
29
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
73.00 %
8
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt
Ca
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28
3
1.00
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.95
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
1.04
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.08
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.72
16
1.03
39
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72
99+
3.00
9
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol
10
589.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol
21
1,145.40 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
4,912.40 kJ/mol
7
4th Energy Level
Not Available
6,491.00 kJ/mol
7
5th Energy Level
Not Available
8,153.00 kJ/mol
7
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,496.00 kJ/mol
8
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,270.00 kJ/mol
12
8th Energy Level
Not Available
14,206.00 kJ/mol
15
9th Energy Level
Not Available
18,191.00 kJ/mol
12
10th Energy Level
Not Available
20,385.00 kJ/mol
16
11th Energy Level
Not Available
57,110.00 kJ/mol
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available
63,410.00 kJ/mol
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available
70,110.00 kJ/mol
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available
78,890.00 kJ/mol
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available
86,310.00 kJ/mol
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available
94,000.00 kJ/mol
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available
104,900.00 kJ/mol
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available
111,711.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr
35
0.75 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV
1
2.87 eV
38
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78
38
20
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
[Ar] 4s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
78
38
20
99+
Number of Neutrons
117
24
20
99+
Number of Electrons
78
38
20
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm
39
197.00 pm
6
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm
99+
176.00 pm
22
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm
36
231.00 pm
19
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu
99+
40.08 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol
99+
29.90 cm3/mol
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)
1
29.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm
24
558.84 pm
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3
11
1.55 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3
2
1.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa
14
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
25.50 (Pa)
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)
18
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa
14
7.40 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa
6
17.00 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa
14
20.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.38
6
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.45
4
4.58
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
3
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m
30
33.60 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
21
0.30 106/cm Ω
6
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol
2
2.37 kJ/mol
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.63 J/(kg K)
7
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
35
25.93 J/mol·K
34
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K
24
201.00 W/m·K
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)
99+
22.30 µm/(m·K)
19
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol
11
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol
12
8.54 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol
11
184.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K
36
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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