Symbol
Ac
Rf
Group Number
34
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
77
2
7
👆🏻
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
744034853850365
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
-
Space Group Number
225.00166.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
Actinium glows in the dark due to its radioactivity.
- Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
- Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
Sources
Obtained by Treating Radium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced
History
Who Discovered
Friedrich Oskar Giesel
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Discovery
In 1902
In 1964
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %-
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %-
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %-
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %-
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %-
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Actinium metal has a great source of alpha rays but it is hardly used outside research purpose.
- Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
Industrial Uses
-
-
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
-
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,227.00 °C2,100.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
3,200.00 °C5,500.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
-
Luster
-
Unknown Luster
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.50-
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa1,300.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
260.00 MPa550.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
3,430.00 m/s6,100.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.001.30
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
62.00 %65.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Ac
Rf
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
2913
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.100.00
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.101.90
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.001.30
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.101.30
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.100.90
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.902.20
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol579.90 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol1,389.40 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol2,296.40 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol3,077.90 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol5,790.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
5,750.00 kJ/mol11,600.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
5,750.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
5,750.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol58,000.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol58,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol579.90 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol3,300.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol579.90 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol580.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol579.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol579.10 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol580.00 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol580.00 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol840.00 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol580.60 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.82 g/amp-hr3.00 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.38 eV6.00 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Number
89104
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d1 7s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
89104
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
138157
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
89104
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
195.00 pm150.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm157.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
215.00 pm250.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
227.00 amu267.00 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
22.54 cm3/mol23.20 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
38.60 (-eV)6.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
567.00 pm-
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
-
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.891.60
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
10.00 g/cm323.20 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.07 g/cm323.20 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
65.00 MPa23.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa23.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
94.00 GPa0.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
130.00 GPa12.80 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.340.30
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
10.0723.00
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
-
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
-
-
Resistivity
5.20 nΩ·m0.29 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.15 106/cm Ω0.00 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
33.20 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.27 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K23.20 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
12.00 W/m·K0.23 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K2,400.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)23.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
120.00 kJ/mol580.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.20 kJ/mol-
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol580.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
56.50 J/mol.K57.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻