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Actinium
Actinium

Zirconium
Zirconium



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Actinium
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Actinium vs Zirconium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Ac
Zr
1.2 Group Number
NA4
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
75
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
f block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74403487440677
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
225.00194.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
2.2 Sources
Obtained by Treating Radium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Friedrich Oskar Giesel
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1902
In 1789
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NA5 * 10-6 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.000004 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
NA0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
NA0.01 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
NA0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NA0.00 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Actinium metal has a great source of alpha rays but it is hardly used outside research purpose.
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
NA
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.10 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,227.00 °C1,852.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
3,200.00 °C4,377.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
NA
Lustrous
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NA5.00
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
NA638.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NA820.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
NA3,800.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Ac
Zr
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
2924
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.101.33
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA0.90
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.001.22
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
NA1.32
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.902.67
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol640.10 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol1,270.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol2,218.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol3,313.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA7,752.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NA9,500.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
1.2.4 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
1.2.5 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
1.2.6 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
1.2.8 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
1.2.9 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
1.2.10 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
1.2.11 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
1.2.12 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
1.2.13 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
1.2.14 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
1.2.15 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
1.2.16 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
1.2.17 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
1.2.18 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
1.2.19 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
1.2.20 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
1.2.21 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
1.2.22 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
1.2.23 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
1.2.24 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
1.2.25 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
1.2.26 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
1.2.27 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
1.2.28 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
1.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.82 g/amp-hr0.85 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
1.4 Electron Work Function
NA4.05 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
1.5 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
2 Atomic
2.1 Atomic Number
8940
Lithium
3 117
2.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d1 7s2
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
2.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
2.3.1 Crystal Lattice
2.4 Atom
2.4.1 Number of Protons
8940
Lithium
3 117
2.4.2 Number of Neutrons
13851
Lithium
4 184
2.4.3 Number of Electrons
8940
Lithium
3 117
2.5 Radius of an Atom
2.5.1 Atomic Radius
195.00 pm160.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
2.5.2 Covalent Radius
NA175.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
2.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
NA200.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
2.6 Atomic Weight
227.00 amu91.22 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
2.7 Atomic Volume
22.54 cm3/mol14.10 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
2.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
2.8.1 Previous Element
2.8.2 Next Element
2.9 Valence Electron Potential
38.60 (-eV)80.00 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
2.10 Lattice Constant
567.00 pm323.20 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
2.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
2.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NA1.59
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
3 Mechanical
3.1 Density
3.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
10.00 g/cm36.52 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
3.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NA5.80 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
3.2 Tensile Strength
NA330.00 MPa
Indium
2.5 11000
3.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
3.4 Vapor Pressure
3.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
3.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA0.00 (Pa)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
3.5 Elasticity properties
3.5.1 Shear Modulus
NA33.00 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
3.5.2 Bulk Modulus
NA91.10 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
3.5.3 Young's Modulus
NA88.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
3.6 Poisson Ratio
NA0.34
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
3.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
4 Magnetic
4.1 Magnetic Characteristics
4.1.1 Specific Gravity
10.076.51
Lithium
0.53 4500
4.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
4.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
4.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
4.2 Electrical Properties
4.2.1 Electrical Property
Unknown
Conductor
4.2.2 Resistivity
NA421.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
4.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.02 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
4.2.4 Electron Affinity
NA41.10 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
5 Thermal
5.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.27 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
5.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K25.36 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
5.3 Thermal Conductivity
12.00 W/m·K22.60 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
5.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
5.5 Thermal Expansion
NA5.70 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
5.6 Enthalpy
5.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA581.60 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
5.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
NA20.90 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
5.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol598.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
5.7 Standard Molar Entropy
56.50 J/mol.K39.00 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1