1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
1.7 CAS Number
74404067439943
7429905
54386242
1.8 Space Group Name
1.9 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
2.2 Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
2.5.2 Abundance In Meteorites
2.6.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.6.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.6.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
3.2.5 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
986.00 °C1,652.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C3,402.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.3 Brinell Hardness
4.4.5 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.3 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.10 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol523.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol1,340.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.5 3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol2,022.30 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.8 4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol4,370.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.10 5th Energy Level
NA6,445.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
5.6.1 6th Energy Level
5.7.1 7th Energy level
5.7.2 8th Energy Level
6.1.1 9th Energy Level
6.4.2 10th Energy Level
6.4.3 11th Energy Level
6.4.5 12th Energy Level
6.4.7 13th Energy Level
6.5.2 14th Energy Level
6.5.4 15th Energy Level
6.5.6 16th Energy Level
6.6.1 17th Energy Level
6.7.1 18th Energy Level
6.7.2 19th Energy Level
6.9.1 20th Energy Level
6.10.1 21st Energy Level
6.10.2 22nd Energy Level
6.12.1 23rd Energy Level
7.1.2 24th Energy Level
7.1.3 25th Energy Level
7.1.5 26th Energy Level
7.2.1 27th Energy Level
7.2.2 28th Energy Level
7.3.1 29th Energy Level
7.4.2 30th Energy Level
7.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr2.18 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
7.7 Electron Work Function
7.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
8 Atomic
8.1 Atomic Number
8.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
8.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
8.3.1 Crystal Lattice
8.4 Atom
8.4.1 Number of Protons
8.5.1 Number of Neutrons
9.1.2 Number of Electrons
9.2 Radius of an Atom
9.2.1 Atomic Radius
170.00 pm174.00 pm
112
265
9.2.3 Covalent Radius
9.3.3 Van der Waals Radius
9.4 Atomic Weight
247.00 amu174.97 amu
6.94
294
9.5 Atomic Volume
NA17.78 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
9.6 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.6.1 Previous Element
9.6.2 Next Element
9.7 Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)50.90 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.2 Lattice Constant
341.60 pm350.31 pm
228.58
891.25
10.4 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
10.5 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm39.84 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm39.30 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.4 Tensile Strength
11.5 Viscosity
11.7 Vapor Pressure
11.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.7.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
11.8 Elasticity properties
11.8.1 Shear Modulus
11.8.3 Bulk Modulus
11.9.1 Young's Modulus
11.10 Poisson Ratio
11.11 Other Mechanical Properties
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
12.1.3 Permeability
12.1.4 Susceptibility
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
12.2.2 Resistivity
12.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
12.2.4 Electron Affinity
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
13.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA26.86 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
13.3 Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K16.40 W/m·K
6.3
429
13.4 Critical Temperature
13.5 Thermal Expansion
13.6 Enthalpy
13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA355.90 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
13.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
13.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
13.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NA51.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1