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Californium
Californium

Bismuth
Bismuth



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Californium
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Bismuth

Californium Bismuth Comparison

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Cf
Bi
1.2 Group Number
NA15
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
76
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.4 Block
f block
p block
1.5 Element Family
Actinide
Post-​Transition
1.6 CAS Number
74407137440699
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
C12/m1
1.8 Space Group Number
194.0012.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
2.2 Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Claude François Geoffroy
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1950
In 1753
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NA7 * 10-8 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.000006 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
NA0.00 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
NA0.00 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
NA0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Low Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.02 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.20 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
900.00 °C271.30 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C1,560.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silver
Silver
4.3.3 Luster
NA
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
3.002.25
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
NA70.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium Metal
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
NA1,790.00 m/s
Thallium Metal
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Cf
Bi
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
2033
Tennessine Metal
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.302.02
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA2.34
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.201.67
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA2.15
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
NA2.01
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.701.98
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol1,610.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol2,466.00 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol4,370.00 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA5,400.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NA8,520.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr2.60 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
NA4.22 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
9883
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
6.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
9883
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
153126
Lithium Metal
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
9883
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
186.00 pm156.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
NA148.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
NA207.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
251.00 amu208.98 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
NA21.30 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)41.90 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
338.00 pm667.40 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
NA
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm39.78 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NA10.05 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
NA12.00 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
NA31.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
NA32.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
NA0.33
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
15.109.79
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NA0.00 H/m
Copper
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NA0.00
Aluminium
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Unknown
Semiconductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
NA1.29 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.01 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
NA91.20 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
NA0.12 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA25.52 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
NA7.97 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
NA13.40 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA151.00 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
NA10.90 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
NA207.10 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NA56.70 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1