1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Actinide
Post-Transition
1.6 CAS Number
74407137440746
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
- Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
2.2 Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions
Mining, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000004 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
-
It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
900.00 °C156.61 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C2,000.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol558.30 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol1,820.70 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol2,704.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol5,210.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
5.5.7 7th Energy level
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
1.2.2 18th Energy Level
1.2.3 19th Energy Level
1.3.2 20th Energy Level
1.3.3 21st Energy Level
1.3.5 22nd Energy Level
1.3.6 23rd Energy Level
1.3.8 24th Energy Level
1.3.9 25th Energy Level
1.3.11 26th Energy Level
1.3.12 27th Energy Level
1.3.14 28th Energy Level
1.3.15 29th Energy Level
1.4.2 30th Energy Level
1.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr1.43 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
1.7 Electron Work Function
1.8 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
2 Atomic
2.1 Atomic Number
2.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
2.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Tetragonal (TETR)
2.3.1 Crystal Lattice
2.4 Atom
2.4.1 Number of Protons
2.4.3 Number of Neutrons
2.4.5 Number of Electrons
2.5 Radius of an Atom
2.5.1 Atomic Radius
186.00 pm167.00 pm
112
265
2.5.3 Covalent Radius
2.5.5 Van der Waals Radius
2.6 Atomic Weight
251.00 amu114.82 amu
6.94
294
2.7 Atomic Volume
NA15.70 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
2.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
2.8.1 Previous Element
2.8.2 Next Element
2.9 Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)54.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
2.10 Lattice Constant
338.00 pm325.23 pm
228.58
891.25
2.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
2.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
3 Mechanical
3.1 Density
3.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm37.31 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
3.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.2 Tensile Strength
3.3 Viscosity
3.4 Vapor Pressure
3.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
3.4.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.5 Elasticity properties
3.5.1 Shear Modulus
3.5.3 Bulk Modulus
3.5.5 Young's Modulus
3.6 Poisson Ratio
3.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile
Ductile, Malleable
4 Magnetic
4.1 Magnetic Characteristics
4.1.1 Specific Gravity
4.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
4.1.4 Permeability
4.1.6 Susceptibility
4.2 Electrical Properties
4.2.1 Electrical Property
4.2.2 Resistivity
4.2.5 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.12 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
4.2.7 Electron Affinity
5 Thermal
5.1 Specific Heat
5.3 Molar Heat Capacity
NA26.74 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
5.5 Thermal Conductivity
5.6 Critical Temperature
5.7 Thermal Expansion
5.8 Enthalpy
5.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA226.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
5.8.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
5.8.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
5.9 Standard Molar Entropy
NA57.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1