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Californium vs Aluminium

Californium
Aluminium
Aluminium vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf   
Al   
Group Number
Not Available   
13   
5
Period Number
7   
3   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440713   
20
7429905   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Hans Christian Oersted   
Discovery
In 1950   
In 1825   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
5 * 10-3 %   
5
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.006 %   
5
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.91 %   
5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
8.10 %   
1
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
6
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3   
9
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
27.00 p.p.m.   
11
Physical Properties
Melting Point
900.00 °C   
99+
660.37 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C   
99+
2,467.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
2.75   
13
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
160.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
160.00 MPa   
35
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
5,000.00 m/s   
10
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
71.00 %   
10
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cf   
Al   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
11   
27
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.61   
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.71   
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.47   
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.83   
8
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.61   
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.39   
32
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
11,577.00 kJ/mol   
3
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,842.00 kJ/mol   
2
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,379.00 kJ/mol   
2
7th Energy level
Not Available   
23,326.00 kJ/mol   
2
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
27,465.00 kJ/mol   
2
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,853.00 kJ/mol   
2
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,473.00 kJ/mol   
4
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,647.00 kJ/mol   
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.28 eV   
19
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
98   
20
13   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98   
20
13   
99+
Number of Neutrons
153   
9
14   
99+
Number of Electrons
98   
20
13   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
143.00 pm   
37
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
121.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
184.00 pm   
34
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu   
17
26.98 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Magnesium
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Potassium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)   
38
80.70 (-eV)   
17
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm   
99+
404.95 pm   
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3   
21
2.70 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
40.00 MPa   
19
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
18
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
26.00 GPa   
29
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
76.00 GPa   
18
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
70.00 GPa   
28
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.35   
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10   
13
2.72   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
4
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
42.50 kJ/mol   
26
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
237.00 W/m·K   
4
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
293.70 kJ/mol   
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
10.67 kJ/mol   
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
322.20 kJ/mol   
31
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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