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Californium
Californium

Europium
Europium



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Californium
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Californium vs Europium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Cf
Eu
1.2 Group Number
NANA
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
76
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
f block
f block
1.5 Element Family
Actinide
Lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
74407137440531
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00229.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
Not Available
2.2 Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1950
In 1896
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NA5 * 10-8 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.00000005 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
NA0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
NA0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
NA0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
900.00 °C822.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C1,597.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silver
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
NA
Lustrous
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
3.00NA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
NANA
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NA167.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
NANA
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Cf
Eu
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
2031
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.301.20
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA1.01
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20NA
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.70NA
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol547.10 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol1,085.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol2,404.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol4,120.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr1.89 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
NA2.50 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
9863
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
9863
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
15389
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
9863
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
186.00 pm180.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
NA198.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
NA233.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
251.00 amu151.96 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
NA28.90 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)45.60 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
338.00 pm458.10 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm35.26 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NA5.13 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NA120.00 MPa
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA19.40 (Pa)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
NA7.90 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
NA8.30 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
NA18.20 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
NA0.15
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile
Ductile
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
15.105.24
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
1.2.1 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
1.4 Electrical Properties
1.4.1 Electrical Property
Unknown
Conductor
1.4.2 Resistivity
NA0.90 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
1.4.3 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.01 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
1.7.1 Electron Affinity
NA50.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
2 Thermal
2.1 Specific Heat
NA0.18 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
2.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA27.66 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
2.3 Thermal Conductivity
NA13.90 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
2.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
2.5 Thermal Expansion
NA35.00 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
2.6 Enthalpy
2.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA143.50 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
2.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
NA9.21 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
2.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
NA180.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
2.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NA77.80 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1