Californium

Iridium

Californium vs Iridium

Californium

Iridium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

NA9

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

f block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Actinide

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

74407137439885

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

Fm_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00225.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.

Californium metal is the heaviest metal.

Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .

2.2 Sources

Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Smithson Tennant

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1950

In 1803

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NA2 * 10^-7 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~0.0000002 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

NA0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

NA0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

NANA

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.

Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Chemical Industry

Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Nuclear Research

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.NA

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

900.00 °C2,410.00 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

1,470.00 °C4,527.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silver

Silvery White

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

3.006.50

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

NA1,670.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NA1,760.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

NA4,825.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NA78.00 %

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

2034

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.302.20

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NANA

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.201.55

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

NA1.68

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.701.80

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

608.00 kJ/mol880.00 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,206.00 kJ/mol1,600.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

2,267.00 kJ/molNA

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

3,599.00 kJ/molNA

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

NANA

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NANA

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NANA

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

3.12 g/amp-hr1.14 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

NA4.55 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility

Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

9877

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f¹⁰ 7s²

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁷ 6s²

6.3 Crystal Structure

Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

9874

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

153110

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

9874

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

186.00 pm136.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

NA141.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

NA202.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

251.00 amu192.22 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

NA9.53 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

44.50 (-eV)140.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

338.00 pm383.90 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

15.10 g/cm³22.56 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NA19.00 g/cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

NA2,000.00 MPa

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NANA

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NA0.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

NA210.00 GPa

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

NA320.00 GPa

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

NA528.00 GPa

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

NA0.26

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Malleable, Sectile

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

15.1021.78

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Unknown

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

NA47.10 nΩ·m

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

NA0.19 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

NA151.00 kJ/mol

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

NA0.13 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

NA25.10 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

NA147.00 W/m·K

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

NA6.40 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

NA799.10 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

NA35.23 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

NA837.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

NA35.50 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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