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Curium vs Californium

Curium
Californium
Californium vs Curium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cm  
Cf  
Group Number
3  
15
3  
15
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440519  
36
7440713  
20
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Curium metal does not occur free in nature.
  • Curium metal is a synthetically produced metal.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Helium Ions  
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Albert Ghiorso  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1944  
In 1950  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Curium metal is used to provide power to electrical equipment for space missions.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,340.00 °C  
34
900.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,110.00 °C  
31
1,470.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
17
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa  
40
170.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
461.00 MPa  
37
1,800.00 MPa  
7
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
63.00 %  
20
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cm  
Cf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15  
24
20  
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,196.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,026.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,267.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,550.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,599.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
6,690.00 kJ/mol  
37
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
60,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
13th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
40
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
30
15th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39
16th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
29
17th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
16
22nd Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
39
23rd Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
17
24th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
3.12 g/amp-hr  
17
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
4.70 eV  
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
96  
22
98  
20
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2  
[Rn] 5f10 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Curium.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
96  
22
98  
20
Number of Neutrons
151  
11
153  
10
Number of Electrons
96  
22
98  
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm  
22
186.00 pm  
11
Covalent Radius
169.00 pm  
28
186.00 pm  
21
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
244.00 pm  
14
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu  
18
251.00 amu  
17
Atomic Volume
18.28 cm3/mol  
38
15.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Americium
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Berkelium
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)  
39
44.50 (-eV)  
39
Lattice Constant
336.25 pm  
99+
338.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.67  
11
1.58  
34
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.51 g/cm3  
26
15.10 g/cm3  
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.85 g/cm3  
25
15.10 g/cm3  
22
Tensile Strength
350.00 MPa  
12
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
32.00 GPa  
24
29.00 GPa  
29
Bulk Modulus
40.00 GPa  
38
40.00 GPa  
38
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Malleable, Sectile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.51  
28
15.10  
24
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
-  
Resistivity
1.25 nΩ·m  
99+
6.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.13 106/cm Ω  
19
0.11 106/cm Ω  
23
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
97.00 kJ/mol  
12
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.50 J/mol·K  
21
26.70 J/mol·K  
33
Thermal Conductivity
11.00 W/m·K  
99+
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,340.00 K  
99+
900.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
331.60 kJ/mol  
40
311.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.00 kJ/mol  
22
15.10 kJ/mol  
21
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
52.50 J/mol.K  
36
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
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