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Curium vs Rutherfordium

Curium
Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium vs Curium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cm  
Rf  
Group Number
3  
15
4  
14
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440519  
36
53850365  
13
Space Group Name
-  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Curium metal does not occur free in nature.
  • Curium metal is a synthetically produced metal.
  
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Helium Ions  
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Albert Ghiorso  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In 1944  
In 1964  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Curium metal is used to provide power to electrical equipment for space missions.
  
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,340.00 °C  
34
2,100.00 °C  
11
Boiling Point
3,110.00 °C  
31
5,500.00 °C  
3
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
17
-  
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa  
40
1,300.00 MPa  
9
Vickers Hardness
461.00 MPa  
37
550.00 MPa  
31
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
6,100.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cm  
Rf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15  
24
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
0.90  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,196.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,389.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,026.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,296.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,550.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,077.90 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,600.00 kJ/mol  
7
7th Energy level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
6,690.00 kJ/mol  
37
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
40
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
22nd Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
14
29th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
580.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
6.00 eV  
1
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
96  
22
104  
14
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Curium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
96  
22
104  
14
Number of Neutrons
151  
11
157  
8
Number of Electrons
96  
22
104  
14
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm  
22
150.00 pm  
35
Covalent Radius
169.00 pm  
28
157.00 pm  
33
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
250.00 pm  
10
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu  
18
267.00 amu  
11
Atomic Volume
18.28 cm3/mol  
38
23.20 cm3/mol  
15
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Americium
  
Lawrencium
  
Next Element
Berkelium
  
Dubnium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)  
39
6.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
336.25 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
-  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.67  
11
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.51 g/cm3  
26
23.20 g/cm3  
8
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.85 g/cm3  
25
23.20 g/cm3  
9
Tensile Strength
350.00 MPa  
12
23.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
32.00 GPa  
24
23.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
40.00 GPa  
38
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
12.80 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.51  
28
23.00  
10
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
-  
Resistivity
1.25 nΩ·m  
99+
0.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.13 106/cm Ω  
19
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
27.50 J/mol·K  
21
23.20 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
11.00 W/m·K  
99+
0.23 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,340.00 K  
99+
2,400.00 K  
12
Thermal Expansion
11.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
23.20 µm/(m·K)  
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
331.60 kJ/mol  
40
580.00 kJ/mol  
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.00 kJ/mol  
22
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
Standard Molar Entropy
52.50 J/mol.K  
36
57.60 J/mol.K  
28
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