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Ruthenium
Ruthenium

Berkelium
Berkelium



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Ruthenium
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Berkelium

Facts About Ruthenium and Berkelium

1 Facts
1.1 Interesting Facts
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
1.2 Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
1.3 History
1.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
1.3.2 Discovery
In 1844
In 1949
1.4 Abundance
1.4.1 Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %NA
Facts About Thallium
5E-09 0.11
1.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000005 %~-9999 %
Facts About Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
1.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %NA
Facts About Gold
1.7E-07 22
1.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %NA
Facts About Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
1.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %NA
Facts About Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
1.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Facts About Radium
1E-13 1.4