1 Facts
1.1 Interesting Facts
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
1.2 Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Obtained from Lithium Production.
1.3 History
1.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
1.3.2 Discovery
1.4 Abundance
1.4.1 Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
1.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000005 %~0.000003 %
1E-08
0.1
1.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
1.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
1.4.6 Abundance In Humans