1 Facts
1.1 Interesting Facts
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
- Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
- Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
1.2 Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
1.3 History
1.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
1.3.2 Discovery
1.4 Abundance
1.4.1 Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %3 * 10-4 %
5E-09
0.11
1.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000005 %~0.0004 %
1E-08
0.1
1.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
1.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
1.4.6 Abundance In Humans