Fermium

Silver

Fermium Silver Comparison

Fermium

Silver

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

NA11

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

f block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Actinide

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

74407247440224

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Not Available

Fm_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

NA225.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
Fermium is synthetically produced metal.

It is the most reflective element.

Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.

It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.

2.2 Sources

Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Unknown

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1952

Before 5000 BC

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NA6 * 10^-8 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~0.0000001 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

NA0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

NA0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

NA0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.

Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Unknown

Non Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.0.44 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

1,527.00 °C961.93 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

NA2,212.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Unknown

Silvery White

4.3.3 Luster

Not Defined

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

NA2.50

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

NA251.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NA229.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

NA2,680.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NA97.00 %

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

1836

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.301.93

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NA1.83

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.201.42

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NA1.47

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

NA1.87

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.702.07

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

627.00 kJ/mol731.00 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,225.00 kJ/mol2,070.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

2,363.00 kJ/mol3,361.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

3,792.00 kJ/molNA

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

NANA

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NANA

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NANA

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

3.20 g/amp-hr4.02 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

NA4.26 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

10047

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f¹² 7s²

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s¹

6.3 Crystal Structure

Not Known

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

10047

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

15761

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

10047

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

NA144.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

NA145.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

245.00 pm172.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

257.00 amu107.87 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

NA10.30 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

NA11.40 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

NA408.53 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

NA10.49 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NA9.32 g/cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NA0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

NA30.00 GPa

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

NA100.00 GPa

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

NA83.00 GPa

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

NA0.37

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

NA10.50

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Unknown

Diamagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NA0.00

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Unknown

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

NA15.87 nΩ·m

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

NA0.63 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

NA125.60 kJ/mol

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

NA0.24 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

NA25.35 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

NA429.00 W/m·K

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

NA18.90 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

NA255.10 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

NA11.30 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

NA284.50 kJ/mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

NA42.60 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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