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Hafnium
Hafnium

Roentgenium
Roentgenium



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Hafnium
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Roentgenium

Hafnium Roentgenium Comparison

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Hf
Rg
1.2 Group Number
411
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
67
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Unknown
1.6 CAS Number
744058654386242
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Not Available
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00194.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
Not Available
2.2 Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining
Synthetically Produced
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1922
In 1994
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %NA
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~-9999 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %NA
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %NA
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %NA
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  • Currently known uses of Roentgenium metal are limited to research purpose only.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Research Purposes
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Unknown
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
NA0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
2,150.00 °CNA
Francium Metal
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
5,400.00 °CNA
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Gray
Silver
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
Unknown Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.50NA
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPaNA
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPaNA
Palladium Metal
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/sNA
Thallium Metal
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Hf
Rg
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
321
Tennessine Metal
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.30NA
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23NA
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.16NA
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.70NA
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol1,022.70 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol2,074.40 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol3,077.90 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol4,052.40 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA5,306.70 kJ/mol
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hrNA
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
3.90 eVNA
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
NA
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
72111
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
72111
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
106161
Lithium Metal
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
72111
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
159.00 pmNA
Beryllium Metal
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
175.00 pmNA
Beryllium Metal
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pmNA
Zinc Metal
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
178.49 amu281.00 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/molNA
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)NA
Francium Metal
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
319.64 pmNA
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
NA
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58NA
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm328.70 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3NA
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
445.00 MPaNA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
30.00 GPaNA
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPaNA
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
78.00 GPaNA
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.37NA
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Unknown
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.31NA
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Unknown
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Unknown
8.2.2 Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·mNA
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm ΩNA
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/molNA
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)NA
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·KNA
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·KNA
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)NA
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/molNA
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/molNA
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/molNA
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.KNA
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1