1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Actinide
Post-Transition
1.6 CAS Number
225371957439921
7429905
54386242
2.2 Space Group Name
2.3 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- It is synthetically produced metal.
- Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
3.2 Sources
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Unknown
3.3.2 Discovery
In 1961–1971
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
4.1.1 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.000001 %
1E-08
0.1
4.1.2 Abundance In Meteorites
4.2.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.4.2 Abundance In Oceans
4.4.3 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
5.1.3 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.21 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.5 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.30.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,627.00 °C327.50 °C
27
3410
6.3 Boiling Point
6.5 Appearance
6.5.1 Physical State
6.5.2 Color
6.5.3 Luster
6.6 Hardness
6.6.1 Mohs Hardness
7.2.2 Brinell Hardness
7.2.3 Vickers Hardness
7.4 Speed of Sound
7.5 Optical Properties
7.5.1 Refractive Index
7.5.3 Reflectivity
7.6 Allotropes
7.6.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.6.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.4.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.4.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.5.2 Allen Electronegativity
8.6 Electropositivity
8.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.7 Ionization Energies
8.7.1 1st Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol715.60 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.7.3 2nd Energy Level
1,428.00 kJ/mol1,450.50 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.7.5 3rd Energy Level
2,228.00 kJ/mol3,081.50 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.7.7 4th Energy Level
4,910.00 kJ/mol4,083.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.7.9 5th Energy Level
NA6,640.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
8.7.10 6th Energy Level
8.7.12 7th Energy level
8.7.14 8th Energy Level
8.7.16 9th Energy Level
8.7.18 10th Energy Level
8.7.19 11th Energy Level
8.7.21 12th Energy Level
8.7.23 13th Energy Level
8.7.25 14th Energy Level
8.7.27 15th Energy Level
8.7.29 16th Energy Level
8.7.31 17th Energy Level
8.7.32 18th Energy Level
8.7.34 19th Energy Level
8.7.36 20th Energy Level
8.7.38 21st Energy Level
8.7.40 22nd Energy Level
8.7.42 23rd Energy Level
8.7.44 24th Energy Level
8.7.45 25th Energy Level
8.7.47 26th Energy Level
8.7.49 27th Energy Level
8.7.51 28th Energy Level
8.7.53 29th Energy Level
8.7.55 30th Energy Level
8.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.23 g/amp-hr3.87 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.9 Electron Work Function
8.11 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.3 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
9.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
9.4.1 Crystal Lattice
9.5 Atom
9.5.1 Number of Protons
10.1.1 Number of Neutrons
10.4.2 Number of Electrons
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
10.5.3 Covalent Radius
10.5.5 Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm202.00 pm
139
348
10.6 Atomic Weight
266.00 amu207.20 amu
6.94
294
10.8 Atomic Volume
NA18.17 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.9.1 Previous Element
10.9.2 Next Element
10.10 Valence Electron Potential
10.11 Lattice Constant
NA495.08 pm
228.58
891.25
10.13 Lattice Angles
10.14 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
11.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.5 Tensile Strength
11.7 Viscosity
11.8 Vapor Pressure
11.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.10.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.2 Elasticity properties
12.2.1 Shear Modulus
12.2.3 Bulk Modulus
12.3.1 Young's Modulus
12.5 Poisson Ratio
12.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
Ductile, Malleable
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
13.1.4 Permeability
13.2.2 Susceptibility
13.3 Electrical Properties
13.3.1 Electrical Property
13.3.2 Resistivity
13.3.4 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.05 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
13.3.6 Electron Affinity
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
14.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA26.65 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
15.2 Thermal Conductivity
15.3 Critical Temperature
15.5 Thermal Expansion
15.6 Enthalpy
15.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA179.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
15.6.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
15.6.5 Enthalpy of Atomization
16.2 Standard Molar Entropy
NA64.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1