1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
1.7 CAS Number
225371957440031
7429905
54386242
1.8 Space Group Name
1.9 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- It is synthetically produced metal.
- Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
2.2 Sources
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Charles Hatchett
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000004 %
1E-08
0.1
2.5.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.1.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.1.5 Abundance In Oceans
3.1.7 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.07 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,627.00 °C2,468.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
6.2 Appearance
6.2.1 Physical State
6.2.2 Color
6.2.3 Luster
6.3 Hardness
6.3.1 Mohs Hardness
6.4.1 Brinell Hardness
6.5.1 Vickers Hardness
6.7 Speed of Sound
6.9 Optical Properties
6.9.1 Refractive Index
6.10.2 Reflectivity
6.11 Allotropes
6.11.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.11.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.11.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.3 Electronegativity
7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.4.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.4.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.4.3 Allen Electronegativity
7.5 Electropositivity
7.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.6 Ionization Energies
7.6.1 1st Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol652.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.6.2 2nd Energy Level
1,428.00 kJ/mol1,380.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.6.3 3rd Energy Level
2,228.00 kJ/mol2,416.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.6.4 4th Energy Level
4,910.00 kJ/mol3,700.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
7.6.5 5th Energy Level
NA4,877.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
7.6.6 6th Energy Level
NA9,847.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
7.6.7 7th Energy level
NA12,100.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
7.6.8 8th Energy Level
7.6.9 9th Energy Level
7.6.10 10th Energy Level
7.6.11 11th Energy Level
7.6.12 12th Energy Level
7.6.13 13th Energy Level
7.6.14 14th Energy Level
7.6.15 15th Energy Level
7.6.16 16th Energy Level
7.6.17 17th Energy Level
7.6.18 18th Energy Level
7.6.19 19th Energy Level
7.6.20 20th Energy Level
7.6.21 21st Energy Level
7.6.22 22nd Energy Level
7.6.23 23rd Energy Level
7.6.24 24th Energy Level
7.6.25 25th Energy Level
7.6.26 26th Energy Level
7.6.27 27th Energy Level
7.6.28 28th Energy Level
7.6.29 29th Energy Level
7.6.30 30th Energy Level
7.7 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.23 g/amp-hr0.69 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
7.8 Electron Work Function
7.9 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
8 Atomic
8.1 Atomic Number
8.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
8.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
8.3.1 Crystal Lattice
8.4 Atom
8.4.1 Number of Protons
8.4.2 Number of Neutrons
8.4.3 Number of Electrons
8.5 Radius of an Atom
8.5.1 Atomic Radius
8.5.2 Covalent Radius
8.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
8.6 Atomic Weight
266.00 amu92.91 amu
6.94
294
8.7 Atomic Volume
NA10.87 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
8.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
8.8.1 Previous Element
8.8.2 Next Element
8.9 Valence Electron Potential
8.10 Lattice Constant
NA330.04 pm
228.58
891.25
8.11 Lattice Angles
8.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
9 Mechanical
9.1 Density
9.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.2 Tensile Strength
9.3 Viscosity
9.4 Vapor Pressure
9.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
9.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
9.5 Elasticity properties
9.5.1 Shear Modulus
9.5.2 Bulk Modulus
9.5.3 Young's Modulus
9.6 Poisson Ratio
9.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
Ductile, Malleable
10 Magnetic
10.1 Magnetic Characteristics
10.1.1 Specific Gravity
10.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
10.1.3 Permeability
10.1.4 Susceptibility
10.2 Electrical Properties
10.2.1 Electrical Property
10.2.2 Resistivity
10.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.07 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
10.2.4 Electron Affinity
11 Thermal
11.1 Specific Heat
11.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA24.60 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
11.3 Thermal Conductivity
11.4 Critical Temperature
11.5 Thermal Expansion
11.6 Enthalpy
11.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA696.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
11.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
11.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
11.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NA36.40 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1