Symbol
Pu
Cs
Group Number
01
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
76
2
7
👆🏻
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Actinide
Alkali
CAS Number
74400757440462
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P121/m1
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
11.00229.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
- Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
Cesium is the most alkaline metal and is used in atomic clocks.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941
In 1860
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
-0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
-0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
-
It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
- The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
-
In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Mildly Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.05 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
639.50 °C28.50 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C678.40 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gold
Luster
-
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.000.20
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
627.00 MPa0.14 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
617.00 MPa0.14 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s1,630.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.901.93
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
68.00 %35.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Pu
Cs
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
2036
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.280.79
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.280.22
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.220.86
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.300.62
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.280.66
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.723.21
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol375.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol2,234.30 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol3,400.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol375.70 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol3,750.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol3,750.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
5,840.00 kJ/mol3,750.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol3,760.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol3,750.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol3,757.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol3,757.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol3,750.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol3,750.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol3,750.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol37,500.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol375.70 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol375.70 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol3,757.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol375.70 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol375.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol375.70 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol375.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol375.70 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol375.70 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol375.70 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol375.70 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol375.70 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol375.70 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol375.70 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol375.70 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr4.96 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
3.88 eV2.14 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
9455
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
[Xe] 6s1
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
9455
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
15078
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
9455
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm265.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm244.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm343.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu132.91 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol71.07 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)8.62 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm614.10 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
-
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.741.87
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm31.93 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm31.84 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa15.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa30.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa1.60 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa1.70 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.210.35
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
19.841.87
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m205.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.05 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
0.60 kJ/mol45.50 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K32.21 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K35.90 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
913.00 K1,938.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)97.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol65.90 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol2.10 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol78.20 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
37.10 J/mol.K85.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻