1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.3 Period Number
2.5 Block
2.6 Element Family
2.7 CAS Number
74401337440246
7429905
54386242
2.8 Space Group Name
2.9 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
- Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
- Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
- Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
3.2 Sources
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
William Crookes
William Cruickshank
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.000005 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
3.5.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.6.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.6.4 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
-
By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.03 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.140.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,568.00 °C769.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
4,027.00 °C1,384.00 °C
147
5660
5.3 Appearance
5.3.1 Physical State
5.3.2 Color
5.3.3 Luster
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.4.4 Brinell Hardness
5.4.6 Vickers Hardness
5.5 Speed of Sound
5.6 Optical Properties
5.6.1 Refractive Index
5.6.3 Reflectivity
5.7 Allotropes
5.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.3 Electronegativity
6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
6.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.3.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
6.3.9 Allen Electronegativity
6.4 Electropositivity
6.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
6.5 Ionization Energies
6.5.1 1st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol549.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
6.5.6 2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol1,064.20 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
6.6.1 3rd Energy Level
1,814.00 kJ/mol4,138.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
6.7.1 4th Energy Level
2,991.00 kJ/mol5,500.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
7.1.1 5th Energy Level
NA6,910.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
7.1.2 6th Energy Level
NA8,760.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
7.4.2 7th Energy level
NA10,230.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
7.4.3 8th Energy Level
NA11,800.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
7.4.5 9th Energy Level
NA15,600.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
7.4.7 10th Energy Level
NA17,100.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
7.4.8 11th Energy Level
NA31,270.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
7.5.2 12th Energy Level
7.5.4 13th Energy Level
7.6.1 14th Energy Level
7.6.2 15th Energy Level
7.7.1 16th Energy Level
7.9.1 17th Energy Level
7.9.2 18th Energy Level
7.10.1 19th Energy Level
7.12.1 20th Energy Level
8.1.2 21st Energy Level
8.1.3 22nd Energy Level
8.1.5 23rd Energy Level
8.1.6 24th Energy Level
8.2.1 25th Energy Level
8.2.2 26th Energy Level
8.3.1 27th Energy Level
8.4.2 28th Energy Level
8.4.4 29th Energy Level
8.4.5 30th Energy Level
8.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.72 g/amp-hr1.64 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.7 Electron Work Function
8.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.3 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
[Kr] 5s2
9.4 Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
9.4.1 Crystal Lattice
9.5 Atom
9.5.1 Number of Protons
10.1.2 Number of Neutrons
10.1.6 Number of Electrons
10.3 Radius of an Atom
10.3.1 Atomic Radius
163.00 pm215.00 pm
112
265
10.3.3 Covalent Radius
200.00 pm195.00 pm
96
260
10.3.4 Van der Waals Radius
243.00 pm249.00 pm
139
348
10.4 Atomic Weight
231.04 amu87.62 amu
6.94
294
11.3 Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol33.70 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.5 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.5.1 Previous Element
11.5.2 Next Element
11.6 Valence Electron Potential
92.00 (-eV)25.70 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.8 Lattice Constant
392.50 pm608.49 pm
228.58
891.25
11.10 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
11.11 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
15.37 g/cm32.64 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.2.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.3 Tensile Strength
12.4 Viscosity
12.6 Vapor Pressure
12.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA121.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
12.6.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.7 Elasticity properties
12.7.1 Shear Modulus
12.7.2 Bulk Modulus
12.7.3 Young's Modulus
12.8 Poisson Ratio
12.9 Other Mechanical Properties
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
13.1.3 Permeability
13.1.4 Susceptibility
13.2 Electrical Properties
13.2.1 Electrical Property
13.2.2 Resistivity
177.00 nΩ·m132.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
1.2.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
1.6.1 Electron Affinity
2 Thermal
2.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.30 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
3.5 Molar Heat Capacity
NA26.40 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
3.6 Thermal Conductivity
47.00 W/m·K35.40 W/m·K
6.3
429
3.7 Critical Temperature
3.8 Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)22.50 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
4.3 Enthalpy
4.3.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA150.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
4.3.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
12.34 kJ/mol9.16 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
5.1.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
5.3 Standard Molar Entropy
198.10 J/mol.K55.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1