1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.5 Period Number
1.7 Block
1.8 Element Family
1.9 CAS Number
74401337440246
7429905
54386242
1.5 Space Group Name
1.6 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
- Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
- Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
- Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
2.2 Sources
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.2 Who Discovered
William Crookes
William Cruickshank
2.3.3 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.5.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.000005 %
1E-08
0.1
2.12.2 Abundance In Meteorites
2.20.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.6.4 Abundance In Oceans
4.4.2 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
-
By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.4 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.4 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.03 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.3.3 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.140.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,568.00 °C769.00 °C
27
3410
6.2 Boiling Point
4,027.00 °C1,384.00 °C
147
5660
6.3 Appearance
6.3.1 Physical State
6.3.3 Color
6.3.4 Luster
6.4 Hardness
6.4.1 Mohs Hardness
7.2.4 Brinell Hardness
7.2.7 Vickers Hardness
8.3 Speed of Sound
8.4 Optical Properties
8.4.1 Refractive Index
9.1.1 Reflectivity
9.2 Allotropes
9.2.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.2.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.2.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10 Chemical
10.1 Chemical Formula
10.2 Isotopes
10.2.1 Known Isotopes
10.3 Electronegativity
10.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
11.2.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
11.2.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
11.3.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
11.5.2 Allen Electronegativity
11.6 Electropositivity
11.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
11.9 Ionization Energies
11.9.1 1st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol549.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
11.9.5 2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol1,064.20 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
11.9.7 3rd Energy Level
1,814.00 kJ/mol4,138.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
11.10.2 4th Energy Level
2,991.00 kJ/mol5,500.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
11.11.1 5th Energy Level
NA6,910.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
11.11.2 6th Energy Level
NA8,760.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
11.13.1 7th Energy level
NA10,230.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
11.13.3 8th Energy Level
NA11,800.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
11.13.4 9th Energy Level
NA15,600.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
11.14.2 10th Energy Level
NA17,100.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
11.15.2 11th Energy Level
NA31,270.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
11.15.4 12th Energy Level
11.16.2 13th Energy Level
12.2.2 14th Energy Level
12.2.5 15th Energy Level
12.3.3 16th Energy Level
13.3.3 17th Energy Level
13.3.4 18th Energy Level
13.3.5 19th Energy Level
13.4.2 20th Energy Level
13.4.3 21st Energy Level
13.4.5 22nd Energy Level
13.4.6 23rd Energy Level
13.4.10 24th Energy Level
13.4.11 25th Energy Level
13.4.13 26th Energy Level
13.4.15 27th Energy Level
13.4.17 28th Energy Level
13.4.19 29th Energy Level
13.4.21 30th Energy Level
13.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.72 g/amp-hr1.64 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
13.6 Electron Work Function
13.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
14 Atomic
14.1 Atomic Number
14.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
[Kr] 5s2
14.3 Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
14.3.1 Crystal Lattice
14.4 Atom
14.4.1 Number of Protons
14.6.2 Number of Neutrons
14.6.5 Number of Electrons
14.8 Radius of an Atom
14.8.1 Atomic Radius
163.00 pm215.00 pm
112
265
14.8.2 Covalent Radius
200.00 pm195.00 pm
96
260
14.8.5 Van der Waals Radius
243.00 pm249.00 pm
139
348
1.2 Atomic Weight
231.04 amu87.62 amu
6.94
294
1.4 Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol33.70 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
1.6 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
1.6.1 Previous Element
1.6.2 Next Element
1.7 Valence Electron Potential
92.00 (-eV)25.70 (-eV)
8
392.42
1.11 Lattice Constant
392.50 pm608.49 pm
228.58
891.25
1.12 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
1.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
2 Mechanical
2.1 Density
2.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
15.37 g/cm32.64 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
2.2.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.4 Tensile Strength
2.5 Viscosity
2.7 Vapor Pressure
2.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA121.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
2.7.5 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.9 Elasticity properties
2.9.1 Shear Modulus
2.9.4 Bulk Modulus
2.9.6 Young's Modulus
2.10 Poisson Ratio
2.11 Other Mechanical Properties
3 Magnetic
3.1 Magnetic Characteristics
3.1.1 Specific Gravity
3.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
3.1.4 Permeability
3.1.5 Susceptibility
3.2 Electrical Properties
3.2.1 Electrical Property
3.2.2 Resistivity
177.00 nΩ·m132.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
3.2.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
3.2.6 Electron Affinity
4 Thermal
4.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.30 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
4.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA26.40 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
4.3 Thermal Conductivity
47.00 W/m·K35.40 W/m·K
6.3
429
4.4 Critical Temperature
4.5 Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)22.50 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
4.6 Enthalpy
4.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA150.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
4.6.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
12.34 kJ/mol9.16 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
4.6.6 Enthalpy of Atomization
4.7 Standard Molar Entropy
198.10 J/mol.K55.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1