Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Interesting Facts
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Discovery
In 1844
In 1789
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Pauling Electropositivity
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6th Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available