Rutherfordium

Nickel

Rutherfordium Nickel Comparison

Rutherfordium

Nickel

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

410

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

538503657440020

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Not Available

Fm_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

NA225.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.

Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.

2.2 Sources

Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

Axel Fredrik Cronstedt

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1964

In 1751

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NA6 * 10^-3 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~0.008 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

NA1.30 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

NA0.01 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

NA0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NA0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.

It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Research Purposes

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Unknown

Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.05 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.0.70 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

2,100.00 °C1,453.00 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

5,500.00 °C2,732.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Unknown

Silver

4.3.3 Luster

Unknown Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

NA4.00

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

NA667.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NA638.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

NA4,900.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NA72.00 %

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

1325

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

NA1.91

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NA1.94

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

NA1.75

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

NA1.88

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

NA2.09

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

579.90 kJ/mol737.10 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,389.40 kJ/mol1,753.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

1.1.1 3rd Energy Level

2,296.40 kJ/mol3,395.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

1.2.1 4th Energy Level

3,077.90 kJ/mol5,300.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

1.2.2 5th Energy Level

NA7,339.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

1.4.2 6th Energy Level

NA10,400.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

1.4.4 7th Energy level

NA12,800.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

1.4.5 8th Energy Level

NA15,600.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

1.5.1 9th Energy Level

NA18,600.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

1.5.2 10th Energy Level

NA21,670.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

1.6.3 11th Energy Level

NA30,970.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

1.7.4 12th Energy Level

NA34,000.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

1.7.5 13th Energy Level

NA37,100.00 kJ/mol

26930 76015

1.7.6 14th Energy Level

NA41,500.00 kJ/mol

29196 86450

1.7.7 15th Energy Level

NA44,800.00 kJ/mol

41987 97510

1.7.8 16th Energy Level

NA48,100.00 kJ/mol

47206 109480

1.7.9 17th Energy Level

NA55,101.00 kJ/mol

52737 122200

1.7.10 18th Energy Level

NA58,570.00 kJ/mol

58570 134810

1.7.11 19th Energy Level

NA148,700.00 kJ/mol

64702 148700

1.7.12 20th Energy Level

NA159,000.00 kJ/mol

80400 171200

1.7.13 21st Energy Level

NA169,400.00 kJ/mol

87000 179100

1.7.14 22nd Energy Level

NA182,700.00 kJ/mol

93400 184900

1.7.15 23rd Energy Level

NA194,000.00 kJ/mol

98420 198800

1.7.16 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

1.7.17 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

1.7.18 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

1.7.19 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

1.7.20 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

1.7.21 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

1.7.22 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

1.8 Electrochemical Equivalent

NA1.10 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

1.9 Electron Work Function

NA5.15 eV

2.14 5.65

1.10 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

2 Atomic

2.1 Atomic Number

10428

3 117

2.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d² 7s²

[Ar] 3d⁸ 4s² Or [Ar] 3d⁹ 4s¹

2.3 Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

2.3.1 Crystal Lattice

2.4 Atom

2.4.1 Number of Protons

10428

3 117

2.4.2 Number of Neutrons

15731

4 184

2.4.3 Number of Electrons

10428

3 117

2.5 Radius of an Atom

2.5.1 Atomic Radius

150.00 pm124.00 pm

112 265

2.5.2 Covalent Radius

157.00 pm124.00 pm

96 260

2.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

NA163.00 pm

139 348

2.6 Atomic Weight

267.00 amu58.69 amu

6.94 294

2.7 Atomic Volume

NA6.59 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

2.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

2.8.1 Previous Element

2.8.2 Next Element

2.9 Valence Electron Potential

NA42.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

2.10 Lattice Constant

NA352.40 pm

228.58 891.25

2.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

2.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

3 Mechanical

3.1 Density

3.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

23.20 g/cm³8.91 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

3.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NA7.81 g/cm3

0.512 20

3.2 Tensile Strength

NA345.00 MPa

2.5 11000

3.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

3.4 Vapor Pressure

3.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NA0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

3.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NA19.50 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

3.5 Elasticity properties

3.5.1 Shear Modulus

NA76.00 GPa

1.3 222

3.5.2 Bulk Modulus

NA180.00 GPa

1.6 462

3.5.3 Young's Modulus

NA200.00 GPa

1.7 528

3.6 Poisson Ratio

NA0.31

0.032 0.47

3.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Unknown

Ductile

4 Magnetic

4.1 Magnetic Characteristics

4.1.1 Specific Gravity

NA8.90

0.53 4500

4.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Unknown

Ferromagnetic

4.1.3 Permeability

NA0.00 H/m

1.25643E-06 0.0063

4.1.4 Susceptibility

NA600.00

-0.000166 200000

4.2 Electrical Properties

4.2.1 Electrical Property

Unknown

Conductor

4.2.2 Resistivity

NA69.30 nΩ·m

0.18 961

4.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

NA0.14 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

4.2.4 Electron Affinity

NA112.00 kJ/mol

0 222.8

5 Thermal

5.1 Specific Heat

NA0.44 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

5.2 Molar Heat Capacity

NA26.07 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

5.3 Thermal Conductivity

NA90.90 W/m·K

6.3 429

5.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

5.5 Thermal Expansion

NA13.40 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

5.6 Enthalpy

5.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

NA371.80 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

5.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

NA17.57 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

5.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

NA422.60 kJ/mol

61.5 837

5.7 Standard Molar Entropy

NA29.90 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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