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Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium

Holmium
Holmium



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Rutherfordium
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Rutherfordium vs Holmium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Rf
Ho
1.2 Group Number
4NA
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
76
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
f block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
538503657440600
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Not Available
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
NA194.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  • Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
  • Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
2.2 Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Marc Delafontaine
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1964
In 1878
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NA5 * 10-8 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~-9999 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
NA0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
NA0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
NA0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  • Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
  • Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
Alloys, Nuclear Research
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Unknown
Low Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
2,100.00 °C1,461.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
5,500.00 °C2,600.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Unknown
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
Unknown Luster
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NANA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
NA746.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NA481.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
NA2,760.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Rf
Ho
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
1334
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
NA1.23
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
NA1.10
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
NA2.77
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol581.00 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol1,140.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol2,204.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/mol4,100.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
NA2.02 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
NANA
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
10467
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
10467
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
15798
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
10467
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
150.00 pm176.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
157.00 pm192.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
NA216.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
267.00 amu164.93 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
NA18.70 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
NA47.90 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
NA357.73 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NA1.57
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
23.20 g/cm38.79 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NA8.34 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA0.00 (Pa)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
NA26.30 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
NA40.20 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
NA64.80 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
NA0.23
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
NA8.80
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Unknown
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Unknown
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
NA814.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.01 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
NA50.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
NA0.16 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA27.15 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
NA16.20 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
NA11.20 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA241.00 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
NA11.76 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
NA301.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NA75.30 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1