Symbol
Rf
Zr
Group Number
44
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
75
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
538503657440677
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
-
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
166.00194.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
- Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Discovery
In 1964
In 1789
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
-0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
-0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-0.01 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
-0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
-0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
Industrial Uses
-
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
-
-
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.10 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
2,100.00 °C1,852.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
5,500.00 °C4,377.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
-
Silvery White
Luster
Unknown Luster
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
-5.00
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
1,300.00 MPa638.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
550.00 MPa820.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
6,100.00 m/s3,800.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.302.15
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
65.00 %70.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Rf
Zr
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
1324
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.001.33
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.900.90
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.301.22
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.301.33
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
0.901.32
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.202.67
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol640.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol1,270.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol2,218.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/mol3,313.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
5,790.00 kJ/mol7,752.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
11,600.00 kJ/mol9,500.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
5,800.00 kJ/mol6,400.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol6,400.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol6,400.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol5,730.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol6,406.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol6,400.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol6,400.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol640.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
58,000.00 kJ/mol64,000.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
58,000.00 kJ/mol64,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol640.10 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol6,400.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol640.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol640.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol640.10 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
579.00 kJ/mol640.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol640.10 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
579.10 kJ/mol640.00 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol640.10 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol640.10 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol640.10 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol640.10 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
580.60 kJ/mol640.10 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol640.10 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr0.85 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
6.00 eV4.05 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
10440
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
10440
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
15751
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
10440
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
150.00 pm160.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
157.00 pm175.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
250.00 pm200.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
267.00 amu91.22 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
23.20 cm3/mol14.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
6.00 (-eV)80.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
-323.20 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
-
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.601.59
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
23.20 g/cm36.52 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
23.20 g/cm35.80 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
23.00 MPa330.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
23.00 GPa33.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
0.00 GPa91.10 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
12.80 GPa88.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.300.34
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
23.006.51
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
-
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
-
Conductor
Resistivity
0.29 nΩ·m421.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol41.10 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)0.27 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
23.20 J/mol·K25.36 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
0.23 W/m·K22.60 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
2,400.00 K2,128.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
23.20 µm/(m·K)5.70 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
580.00 kJ/mol581.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
-20.90 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
580.00 kJ/mol598.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
57.60 J/mol.K39.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻