1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
3.8 Period Number
3.13 Block
3.14 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
3.15 CAS Number
538503657440677
7429905
54386242
4.2 Space Group Name
4.4 Space Group Number
5 Facts
5.1 Interesting Facts
- Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
- Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
5.2 Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
5.3 History
5.3.1 Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
5.3.2 Discovery
5.4 Abundance
5.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7.4.1 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.000004 %
1E-08
0.1
8.1.1 Abundance In Meteorites
8.2.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.3.3 Abundance In Oceans
8.7.4 Abundance In Humans
9 Uses
9.1 Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
9.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
9.1.2 Medical Uses
9.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
9.2 Biological Properties
9.2.1 Toxicity
9.2.2 Present in Human Body
9.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
10.2.1 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.10 p.p.m.
0
170000
11 Physical
11.1 Melting Point
2,100.00 °C1,852.00 °C
27
3410
12.3 Boiling Point
5,500.00 °C4,377.00 °C
147
5660
12.7 Appearance
12.7.1 Physical State
12.7.2 Color
12.7.3 Luster
12.8 Hardness
12.8.1 Mohs Hardness
12.9.3 Brinell Hardness
12.9.8 Vickers Hardness
12.10 Speed of Sound
13.5 Optical Properties
13.5.1 Refractive Index
13.5.6 Reflectivity
13.6 Allotropes
13.6.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
13.6.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
13.6.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
14 Chemical
14.1 Chemical Formula
14.2 Isotopes
14.2.1 Known Isotopes
14.3 Electronegativity
14.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
15.1.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
15.3.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
15.3.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
15.4.4 Allen Electronegativity
15.7 Electropositivity
15.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
15.8 Ionization Energies
15.8.1 1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol640.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
15.8.5 2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol1,270.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
15.8.9 3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol2,218.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
15.8.14 4th Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/mol3,313.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
15.9.4 5th Energy Level
NA7,752.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
15.9.8 6th Energy Level
NA9,500.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
15.10.2 7th Energy level
15.11.2 8th Energy Level
15.11.5 9th Energy Level
16.1.3 10th Energy Level
16.4.2 11th Energy Level
16.4.6 12th Energy Level
16.5.2 13th Energy Level
16.6.1 14th Energy Level
17.1.2 15th Energy Level
17.1.5 16th Energy Level
17.4.3 17th Energy Level
17.5.1 18th Energy Level
17.7.1 19th Energy Level
17.8.2 20th Energy Level
18.1.1 21st Energy Level
18.3.1 22nd Energy Level
18.7.2 23rd Energy Level
18.8.2 24th Energy Level
18.10.2 25th Energy Level
19.1.2 26th Energy Level
19.2.1 27th Energy Level
19.2.3 28th Energy Level
19.4.1 29th Energy Level
19.5.1 30th Energy Level
19.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
NA0.85 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
1.4 Electron Work Function
1.9 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
2 Atomic
2.1 Atomic Number
3.4 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
3.5 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
3.5.1 Crystal Lattice
3.6 Atom
3.6.1 Number of Protons
3.9.3 Number of Neutrons
4.1.1 Number of Electrons
5.3 Radius of an Atom
5.3.1 Atomic Radius
150.00 pm160.00 pm
112
265
6.2.2 Covalent Radius
157.00 pm175.00 pm
96
260
6.2.8 Van der Waals Radius
6.4 Atomic Weight
267.00 amu91.22 amu
6.94
294
6.8 Atomic Volume
NA14.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
6.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.10.1 Previous Element
6.10.2 Next Element
6.11 Valence Electron Potential
7.4 Lattice Constant
NA323.20 pm
228.58
891.25
9.2 Lattice Angles
9.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
23.20 g/cm36.52 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.3.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.3 Tensile Strength
12.5 Viscosity
12.7 Vapor Pressure
12.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.10.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.11 Elasticity properties
12.11.1 Shear Modulus
12.12.3 Bulk Modulus
14.2.2 Young's Modulus
15.3 Poisson Ratio
15.6 Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
Ductile, Malleable
16 Magnetic
16.1 Magnetic Characteristics
16.1.1 Specific Gravity
16.3.1 Magnetic Ordering
16.3.2 Permeability
16.5.1 Susceptibility
16.6 Electrical Properties
16.6.1 Electrical Property
16.6.2 Resistivity
16.9.2 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
16.11.2 Electron Affinity
17 Thermal
17.1 Specific Heat
17.3 Molar Heat Capacity
NA25.36 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
17.5 Thermal Conductivity
17.6 Critical Temperature
17.7 Thermal Expansion
17.8 Enthalpy
17.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA581.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
17.8.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.8.5 Enthalpy of Atomization
17.9 Standard Molar Entropy
NA39.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1