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What is Hafnium?
Hafnium


Periodic Table
0
Symbol
Hf 0
Group Number
4 14
Period Number
6 2
Block
d block 0
Element Family
Transition Metal 0
CAS Number
7440586 30
Space Group Name
P63/mmc 0
Space Group Number
194.00 5
Facts
0
Interesting Facts
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
0
Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining 0
History
0
Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy 0
Discovery
In 1922 0
Abundance
0
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 % 25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 % 26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 % 37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 % 31
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 27
Abundance In Humans
Not Available 0
Uses
0
Uses & Benefits
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
0
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry 0
Medical Uses
NA 0
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes 0
Biological Properties
0
Toxicity
Toxic 0
Present in Human Body
No 0
In Blood
Not Available 0
In Bone
Not Available 0
Physical
0
Melting Point
2,150.00 °C 10
Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C 5
Appearance
0
Physical State
Solid 0
Color
Gray 0
Luster
Metallic 0
Hardness
0
Mohs Hardness
5.50 7
Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa 6
Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa 5
Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s 27
Optical Properties
0
Refractive Index
Not Available 0
Reflectivity
Not Available 0
Allotropes
No 0
α Allotropes
Not Available 0
β Allotropes
Not Available 0
γ Allotropes
Not Available 0
Chemical
0
Chemical Formula
Hf 0
Isotopes
0
Known Isotopes
32 7
Electronegativity
0
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30 32
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available 0
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23 25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available 0
Allen Electronegativity
1.16 37
Electropositivity
0
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70 22
Ionization Energies
0
1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol 40
2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol 44
3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol 60
4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol 63
5th Energy Level
Not Available 0
6th Energy Level
Not Available 0
7th Energy level
Not Available 0
8th Energy Level
Not Available 0
9th Energy Level
Not Available 0
10th Energy Level
Not Available 0
11th Energy Level
Not Available 0
12th Energy Level
Not Available 0
13th Energy Level
Not Available 0
14th Energy Level
Not Available 0
15th Energy Level
Not Available 0
16th Energy Level
Not Available 0
17th Energy Level
Not Available 0
18th Energy Level
Not Available 0
19th Energy Level
Not Available 0
20th Energy Level
Not Available 0
21st Energy Level
Not Available 0
22nd Energy Level
Not Available 0
23rd Energy Level
Not Available 0
24th Energy Level
Not Available 0
25th Energy Level
Not Available 0
26th Energy Level
Not Available 0
27th Energy Level
Not Available 0
28th Energy Level
Not Available 0
29th Energy Level
Not Available 0
30th Energy Level
Not Available 0
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr 44
Electron Work Function
3.90 eV 27
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility 0
Atomic
0
Atomic Number
72 44
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2 0
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP) 0
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100 0
Atom
0
Number of Protons
72 43
Number of Neutrons
106 29
Number of Electrons
72 43
Radius of an Atom
0
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm 28
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm 23
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm 28
Atomic Weight
178.49 amu 39
Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol 38
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
0
Previous Element
80 0
Next Element
57 0
Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV) 16
Lattice Constant
319.64 pm 55
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 0
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58 12
Mechanical
0
Density
0
Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm3 26
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3 12
Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa 8
Viscosity
Not Available 0
Vapor Pressure
0
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available 0
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa) 24
Elasticity properties
0
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa 23
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa 15
Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa 25
Poisson Ratio
0.37 7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable 0
Magnetic
0
Magnetic Characteristics
0
Specific Gravity
13.31 18
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic 0
Permeability
Not Available 0
Susceptibility
Not Available 0
Electrical Properties
0
Electrical Property
Conductor 0
Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m 14
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω 39
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol 40
Thermal
0
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K) 37
Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K 36
Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K 41
Critical Temperature
Not Available 0
Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K) 54
Enthalpy
0
Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol 5
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol 8
Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol 5
Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K 34
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