Technetium vs Cadmium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Tc
Cd
Group Number
7
11
12
6
Period Number
5
5
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440268
99+
7440439
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
- At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
Sources
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Discovery
In 1937
In 1817
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000006 %
21
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
28
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
- Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
24
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
1.80 p.p.m.
15
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,200.00 °C
9
320.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
4,877.00 °C
7
765.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Shiny Gray
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.00
16
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
203.00 MPa
39
Speed of Sound
16,200.00 m/s
1
2,310.00 m/s
39
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
67.00 %
11
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tc
Cd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
18
21
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90
11
1.69
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.36
20
1.46
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.53
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.51
28
1.52
27
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10
99+
2.31
37
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol
36
867.80 kJ/mol
11
2nd Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,631.40 kJ/mol
32
3rd Energy Level
2,850.00 kJ/mol
33
3,616.00 kJ/mol
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.52 g/amp-hr
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr
27
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
43
99+
48
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
43
99+
48
99+
Number of Neutrons
55
99+
64
99+
Number of Electrons
43
99+
48
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm
99+
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
147.00 pm
37
144.00 pm
40
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
158.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
98.00 amu
99+
112.41 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.50 cm3/mol
99+
13.10 cm3/mol
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)
3
30.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
273.50 pm
99+
297.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60
5
1.89
1
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
11.00 g/cm3
34
8.65 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
8.00 g/cm3
28
Tensile Strength
Not Available
62.00 MPa
16
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
19.00 GPa
35
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
42.00 GPa
29
Young's Modulus
Not Available
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.30
14
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
11.50
24
8.65
36
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
200.00 nΩ·m
18
72.70 nΩ·m
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
30
0.14 106/cm Ω
15
Electron Affinity
53.00 kJ/mol
18
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.21 J/(kg K)
29
0.23 J/(kg K)
26
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K
99+
26.02 J/mol·K
32
Thermal Conductivity
50.60 W/m·K
30
96.60 W/m·K
16
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
7.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
30.80 µm/(m·K)
10
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
660.00 kJ/mol
6
100.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
23.01 kJ/mol
9
6.19 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
649.00 kJ/mol
8
113.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
181.10 J/mol.K
2
51.80 J/mol.K
27
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