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Technetium vs Cadmium

Technetium
Cadmium
Cadmium vs Technetium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tc   
Cd   
Group Number
7   
11
12   
6
Period Number
5   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440268   
99+
7440439   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
  • At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
  
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero   
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer   
Discovery
In 1937   
In 1817   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000006 %   
21
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
28
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
  
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
24
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
1.80 p.p.m.   
15
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,200.00 °C   
9
320.90 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
4,877.00 °C   
7
765.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Shiny Gray   
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.00   
16
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
203.00 MPa   
39
Speed of Sound
16,200.00 m/s   
1
2,310.00 m/s   
39
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tc   
Cd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18   
21
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90   
11
1.69   
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.36   
20
1.46   
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.53   
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.51   
28
1.52   
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10   
99+
2.31   
37
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol   
36
867.80 kJ/mol   
11
2nd Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,631.40 kJ/mol   
32
3rd Energy Level
2,850.00 kJ/mol   
33
3,616.00 kJ/mol   
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.52 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr   
27
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
43   
99+
48   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
43   
99+
48   
99+
Number of Neutrons
55   
99+
64   
99+
Number of Electrons
43   
99+
48   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
147.00 pm   
37
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
158.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
98.00 amu   
99+
112.41 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.50 cm3/mol   
99+
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Molybdenum
  
Silver
  
Next Element
Ruthenium
  
Indium
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)   
3
30.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
273.50 pm   
99+
297.94 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60   
5
1.89   
1
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.00 g/cm3   
34
8.65 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
8.00 g/cm3   
28
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
62.00 MPa   
16
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
19.00 GPa   
35
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
42.00 GPa   
29
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
50.00 GPa   
36
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.30   
14
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.50   
24
8.65   
36
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
200.00 nΩ·m   
18
72.70 nΩ·m   
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
30
0.14 106/cm Ω   
15
Electron Affinity
53.00 kJ/mol   
18
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.21 J/(kg K)   
29
0.23 J/(kg K)   
26
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K   
99+
26.02 J/mol·K   
32
Thermal Conductivity
50.60 W/m·K   
30
96.60 W/m·K   
16
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
7.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
30.80 µm/(m·K)   
10
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
660.00 kJ/mol   
6
100.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
23.01 kJ/mol   
9
6.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
649.00 kJ/mol   
8
113.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
181.10 J/mol.K   
2
51.80 J/mol.K   
27
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