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Yttrium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Y
Group Number
3 15
Period Number
5 3
Block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440655 25
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00 7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin
Discovery
In 1794
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 % 18
Abundance In Sun
0.00 % 26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 % 21
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 % 22
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 25
Abundance In Humans
0.00 % 24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3 26
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m. 30
Physical
Melting Point
1,523.00 °C 27
Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C 22
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Luster
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.00 11
Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa 26
Vickers Hardness
590.00 MPa 29
Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s 34
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.90 18
Reflectivity
83.00 % 6
Allotropes
No
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Y
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
19 20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22 39
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.65 49
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11 30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.22 38
Allen Electronegativity
1.12 54
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78 16
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol 53
2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol 64
3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol 80
4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol 19
5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/mol 22
6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/mol 23
7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/mol 18
8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/mol 18
9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/mol 19
10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/mol 17
11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/mol 18
12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/mol 25
13th Energy Level
6,000.00 kJ/mol 44
14th Energy Level
6,000.00 kJ/mol 33
15th Energy Level
60,000.00 kJ/mol 45
16th Energy Level
60,000.00 kJ/mol 34
17th Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol 55
18th Energy Level
6,000.00 kJ/mol 47
19th Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol 52
20th Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol 49
21st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol 62
22nd Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol 43
23rd Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol 61
24th Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol 45
25th Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol 47
26th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol 42
27th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol 45
28th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol 49
29th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol 50
30th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol 46
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr 60
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV 46
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic
Atomic Number
39 73
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
39 72
Number of Neutrons
50 56
Number of Electrons
39 72
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm 16
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm 18
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm 35
Atomic Weight
88.91 amu 67
Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol 33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
37
Next Element
56
Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV) 31
Lattice Constant
364.74 pm 34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57 39
Mechanical
Density
Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm3 76
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm3 77
Tensile Strength
160.00 MPa 22
Viscosity
0.00 18
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa) 34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.27 (Pa) 10
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
25.60 GPa 37
Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa 35
Young's Modulus
63.50 GPa 34
Poisson Ratio
0.24 26
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
4.47 75
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m 18
Susceptibility
0.00 24
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m 8
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω 52
Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol 36
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K) 18
Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K 35
Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K 49
Critical Temperature
1,799.00 K 31
Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K) 50
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol 25
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol 16
Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol 23
Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K 45
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