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What is Scandium?
Scandium


Periodic Table
0
Symbol
Sc 0
Group Number
3 15
Period Number
4 4
Block
d block 0
Element Family
Transition Metal 0
CAS Number
7440202 59
Space Group Name
P63/mmc 0
Space Group Number
194.00 5
Facts
0
Interesting Facts
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
0
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals 0
History
0
Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson 0
Discovery
In 1879 0
Abundance
0
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-6 % 15
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 % 16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 % 18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 % 23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 32
Abundance In Humans
Not Available 0
Uses
0
Uses & Benefits
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
0
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry 0
Medical Uses
NA 0
Other Uses
Alloys 0
Biological Properties
0
Toxicity
Non Toxic 0
Present in Human Body
Yes 0
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3 22
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m. 34
Physical
0
Melting Point
1,539.00 °C 24
Boiling Point
2,832.00 °C 35
Appearance
0
Physical State
Solid 0
Color
Silvery White 0
Luster
Lustrous 0
Hardness
0
Mohs Hardness
Not Available 0
Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPa 12
Vickers Hardness
Not Available 0
Speed of Sound
Not Available 0
Optical Properties
0
Refractive Index
Not Available 0
Reflectivity
Not Available 0
Allotropes
No 0
α Allotropes
Not Available 0
β Allotropes
Not Available 0
γ Allotropes
Not Available 0
Chemical
0
Chemical Formula
Sc 0
Isotopes
0
Known Isotopes
13 26
Electronegativity
0
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36 29
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.02 21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20 27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available 0
Allen Electronegativity
1.19 36
Electropositivity
0
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64 25
Ionization Energies
0
1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol 46
2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol 57
3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/mol 52
4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/mol 6
5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/mol 6
6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/mol 7
7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/mol 8
8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/mol 11
9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/mol 14
10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/mol 13
11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/mol 16
12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/mol 2
13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/mol 2
14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/mol 3
15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/mol 4
16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/mol 5
17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/mol 6
18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/mol 7
19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/mol 8
20th Energy Level
Not Available 100
21st Energy Level
Not Available 100
22nd Energy Level
Not Available 0
23rd Energy Level
Not Available 0
24th Energy Level
Not Available 0
25th Energy Level
Not Available 0
26th Energy Level
Not Available 0
27th Energy Level
Not Available 0
28th Energy Level
Not Available 0
29th Energy Level
Not Available 0
30th Energy Level
Not Available 0
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hr 67
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV 31
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility 0
Atomic
0
Atomic Number
21 85
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2 0
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP) 0
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100 0
Atom
0
Number of Protons
21 84
Number of Neutrons
24 63
Number of Electrons
21 84
Radius of an Atom
0
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm 26
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm 25
Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm 25
Atomic Weight
44.96 amu 79
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol 34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
0
Previous Element
12 0
Next Element
11 0
Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV) 24
Lattice Constant
330.90 pm 49
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 0
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59 7
Mechanical
0
Density
0
Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm3 73
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm3 51
Tensile Strength
Not Available 0
Viscosity
Not Available 0
Vapor Pressure
0
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa) 22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa) 3
Elasticity properties
0
Shear Modulus
29.10 GPa 24
Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPa 21
Young's Modulus
74.40 GPa 26
Poisson Ratio
0.28 18
Other Mechanical Properties
NA 0
Magnetic
0
Magnetic Characteristics
0
Specific Gravity
2.99 61
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic 0
Permeability
Not Available 0
Susceptibility
Not Available 0
Electrical Properties
0
Electrical Property
Conductor 0
Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·m 10
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω 46
Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/mol 33
Thermal
0
Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K) 8
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K 37
Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·K 53
Critical Temperature
Not Available 0
Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K) 39
Enthalpy
0
Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/mol 28
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/mol 25
Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/mol 28
Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.K 44
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