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Ruthenium vs Hassium

Ruthenium
Hassium
Hassium vs Ruthenium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ru  
Hs  
Group Number
8  
10
8  
10
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440188  
99+
54037579  
11
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
  
  • Hassium metals rate of decay is very high.
  • Hassium metals 1st sample was synthesized through a nuclear reaction.
  
Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus  
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
Discovery
In 1844  
In 1984  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
22
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
38
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
  • Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
  
  • Currently known uses of Hassium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
2,250.00 °C  
8
-  
Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C  
14
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
4.50  
10
Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa  
3
230.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa  
14
2,450.00 MPa  
5
Speed of Sound
5,970.00 m/s  
7
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.60  
4
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
6.00 %  
38
69.00 %  
14
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ru  
Hs  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
7  
31
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.54  
28
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
32
733.30 kJ/mol  
26
2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol  
99+
1,756.00 kJ/mol  
25
3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol  
38
2,827.00 kJ/mol  
37
4th Energy Level
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
12
3,637.50 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
27
4,940.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,175.10 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
37
7,535.50 kJ/mol  
32
8th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,857.40 kJ/mol  
21
9th Energy Level
5,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
35
6,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
6,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
29
4,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,124.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
71,000.00 kJ/mol  
25
68,200.00 kJ/mol  
31
16th Energy Level
71,000.00 kJ/mol  
21
32,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
1,089.00 kJ/mol  
22
18th Energy Level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
31
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
38
1,086.50 kJ/mol  
19
20th Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
32
880.00 kJ/mol  
14
21st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
1,086.00 kJ/mol  
30
22nd Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
26
350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
1,120.00 kJ/mol  
34
24th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
540.90 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
26
610.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
880.00 kJ/mol  
5
28th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
30
840.00 kJ/mol  
14
29th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
31
867.80 kJ/mol  
11
30th Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
25
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.71 eV  
14
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
44  
99+
108  
10
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1  
[Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
44  
99+
108  
10
Number of Neutrons
57  
99+
158  
7
Number of Electrons
44  
99+
108  
10
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
126.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm  
40
134.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
101.07 amu  
99+
269.00 amu  
9
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
22.70 cm3/mol  
18
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Technetium
  
Bohrium
  
Next Element
Rhodium
  
Meitnerium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
270.59 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
33
1.31  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm3  
29
40.70 g/cm3  
1
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm3  
37
41.00 g/cm3  
1
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
27
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
23
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
173.00 GPa  
4
40.00 GPa  
19
Bulk Modulus
220.00 GPa  
7
40.00 GPa  
38
Young's Modulus
447.00 GPa  
3
40.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.45  
31
41.00  
2
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
25
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
71.00 nΩ·m  
38
41.00 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
18
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
101.30 kJ/mol  
11
63.20 kJ/mol  
19
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
24
0.13 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
25.92 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
117.00 W/m·K  
13
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,607.00 K  
9
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
21.20 µm/(m·K)  
23
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/mol  
13
126.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.50 kJ/mol  
7
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
603.00 kJ/mol  
10
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.K  
99+
57.20 J/mol.K  
29
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