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Ruthenium vs Bohrium

Ruthenium
Bohrium
Bohrium vs Ruthenium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ru  
Bh  
Group Number
8  
10
7  
11
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440188  
99+
54037148  
12
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
276.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
  
  • Bohrium metal is also known as Unnilseptium (Uns) and Nielsbohrium (Ns).
  
Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus  
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
Discovery
In 1844  
In 1981  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
22
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
38
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
  • Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
  
  • Currently known uses of Bohrium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
2,250.00 °C  
8
-  
Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C  
14
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
7.00  
3
Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa  
3
270.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa  
14
2,700.00 MPa  
4
Speed of Sound
5,970.00 m/s  
7
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.60  
4
1.50  
36
Reflectivity
6.00 %  
38
59.00 %  
24
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ru  
Bh  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
5  
32
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.54  
28
2.00  
6
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
32
742.90 kJ/mol  
23
2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol  
99+
1,688.50 kJ/mol  
31
3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol  
38
2,566.50 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
12
3,598.90 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
27
4,727.80 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,991.70 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
37
7,226.80 kJ/mol  
34
8th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
33
9th Energy Level
5,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
35
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
35
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
8,200.00 kJ/mol  
25
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
82,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
13th Energy Level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
29
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
29
14th Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,200.00 kJ/mol  
17
15th Energy Level
71,000.00 kJ/mol  
25
82,000.00 kJ/mol  
14
16th Energy Level
71,000.00 kJ/mol  
21
71,100.00 kJ/mol  
20
17th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
820.00 kJ/mol  
31
18th Energy Level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
31
8,200.00 kJ/mol  
20
19th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
38
820.80 kJ/mol  
28
20th Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
32
820.00 kJ/mol  
21
21st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
8,200.00 kJ/mol  
11
22nd Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
26
820.00 kJ/mol  
16
23rd Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
8,200.00 kJ/mol  
8
24th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
820.00 kJ/mol  
12
25th Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
26
820.00 kJ/mol  
10
26th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
820.00 kJ/mol  
10
27th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
820.00 kJ/mol  
9
28th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
30
820.00 kJ/mol  
15
29th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
31
820.00 kJ/mol  
14
30th Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
25
820.00 kJ/mol  
10
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.71 eV  
14
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
44  
99+
107  
11
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1  
[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
44  
99+
107  
11
Number of Neutrons
57  
99+
155  
9
Number of Electrons
44  
99+
107  
11
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm  
40
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
101.07 amu  
99+
270.00 amu  
8
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
23.70 cm3/mol  
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Technetium
  
Seaborgium
  
Next Element
Rhodium
  
Hassium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
27.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
270.59 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
33
1.57  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm3  
29
37.10 g/cm3  
3
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm3  
37
37.10 g/cm3  
3
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
152.00 MPa  
24
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
23
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
173.00 GPa  
4
28.00 GPa  
32
Bulk Modulus
220.00 GPa  
7
37.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
447.00 GPa  
3
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.45  
31
37.00  
5
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
11
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
71.00 nΩ·m  
38
6.50 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
18
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
101.30 kJ/mol  
11
-  
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
24
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
37.10 J/mol·K  
2
Thermal Conductivity
117.00 W/m·K  
13
37.00 W/m·K  
36
Critical Temperature
2,607.00 K  
9
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
14.30 µm/(m·K)  
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/mol  
13
270.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.50 kJ/mol  
7
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
603.00 kJ/mol  
10
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.K  
99+
57.00 J/mol.K  
30
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