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Bohrium vs Hafnium

Bohrium
Hafnium
Hafnium vs Bohrium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bh  
Hf  
Group Number
7  
11
4  
14
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
54037148  
12
7440586  
30
Space Group Name
Not Available  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
Not Available  
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bohrium metal is also known as Unnilseptium (Uns) and Nielsbohrium (Ns).
  
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Synthetically Produced  
By-product Zirconium Refining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy  
Discovery
In 1981  
In 1922  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available  
7 * 10-8 %  
25
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %  
~0.0000001 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available  
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available  
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
27
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Bohrium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
Industrial Uses
NA  
Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
Not Available  
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Not Available  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available  
2,150.00 °C  
10
Boiling Point
Not Available  
5,400.00 °C  
5
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Unknown  
Gray  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
1,450.00 MPa  
6
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
1,520.00 MPa  
5
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
3,010.00 m/s  
27
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bh  
Hf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
5  
32
32  
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.30  
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.23  
25
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.16  
37
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available  
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
742.90 kJ/mol  
23
658.50 kJ/mol  
40
2nd Energy Level
1,688.50 kJ/mol  
30
1,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,566.50 kJ/mol  
99+
2,250.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,598.90 kJ/mol  
99+
3,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,727.80 kJ/mol  
37
Not Available  
6th Energy Level
5,991.70 kJ/mol  
24
Not Available  
7th Energy level
7,226.80 kJ/mol  
22
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
Not Available  
1.66 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
3.90 eV  
27
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
107  
11
72  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
107  
11
72  
99+
Number of Neutrons
155  
8
106  
29
Number of Electrons
107  
11
72  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
159.00 pm  
28
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm  
99+
175.00 pm  
23
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available  
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
270.00 amu  
8
178.49 amu  
39
Atomic Volume
Not Available  
13.60 cm3/mol  
38
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Seaborgium
  
Lutetium
  
Next Element
Hassium
  
Tantalum
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available  
81.00 (-eV)  
16
Lattice Constant
Not Available  
319.64 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
NA  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
1.58  
12
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
37.10 g/cm3  
3
13.31 g/cm3  
26
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available  
12.00 g/cm3  
12
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
445.00 MPa  
8
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available  
30.00 GPa  
23
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
Not Available  
78.00 GPa  
25
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available  
13.31  
18
Magnetic Ordering
Unknown  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown  
Conductor  
Resistivity
Not Available  
331.00 nΩ·m  
14
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available  
0.03 106/cm Ω  
39
Electron Affinity
Not Available  
0.00 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available  
0.14 J/(kg K)  
37
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available  
25.73 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available  
23.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
Not Available  
5.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available  
661.10 kJ/mol  
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available  
25.10 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available  
703.00 kJ/mol  
5
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available  
43.60 J/mol.K  
34
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