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Hafnium vs Bohrium

Hafnium
Bohrium
Bohrium vs Hafnium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hf  
Bh  
Group Number
4  
14
7  
11
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440586  
30
54037148  
12
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Not Available  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
Not Available  
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
  • Bohrium metal is also known as Unnilseptium (Uns) and Nielsbohrium (Ns).
  
Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy  
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
Discovery
In 1922  
In 1981  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %  
25
Not Available  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %  
26
~-9999 %  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
37
Not Available  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
31
Not Available  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
27
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
  • Currently known uses of Bohrium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry  
NA  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Unknown  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
Not Available  
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
Not Available  
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,150.00 °C  
10
Not Available  
Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C  
5
Not Available  
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Unknown  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa  
6
Not Available  
Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa  
5
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s  
27
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hf  
Bh  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
5  
32
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
32
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
25
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
1.16  
37
Not Available  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
Not Available  
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
40
742.90 kJ/mol  
23
2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,688.50 kJ/mol  
30
3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,566.50 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,598.90 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
4,727.80 kJ/mol  
37
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
5,991.70 kJ/mol  
24
7th Energy level
Not Available  
7,226.80 kJ/mol  
22
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr  
99+
Not Available  
Electron Work Function
3.90 eV  
27
Not Available  
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
72  
99+
107  
11
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
72  
99+
107  
11
Number of Neutrons
106  
29
155  
8
Number of Electrons
72  
99+
107  
11
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
28
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
23
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
28
Not Available  
Atomic Weight
178.49 amu  
39
270.00 amu  
8
Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol  
38
Not Available  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lutetium
  
Seaborgium
  
Next Element
Tantalum
  
Hassium
  
Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)  
16
Not Available  
Lattice Constant
319.64 pm  
99+
Not Available  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
NA  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
12
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm3  
26
37.10 g/cm3  
3
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3  
12
Not Available  
Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa  
8
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
23
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
Not Available  
Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa  
25
Not Available  
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Unknown  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.31  
18
Not Available  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Unknown  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Unknown  
Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m  
14
Not Available  
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω  
39
Not Available  
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
40
Not Available  
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
37
Not Available  
Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K  
36
Not Available  
Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K  
99+
Not Available  
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Not Available  
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol  
5
Not Available  
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol  
8
Not Available  
Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol  
5
Not Available  
Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K  
34
Not Available  
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