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Technetium vs Hafnium

Technetium
Hafnium
Hafnium vs Technetium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tc  
Hf  
Group Number
7  
11
4  
14
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440268  
99+
7440586  
30
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
  • At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
  
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons  
By-product Zirconium Refining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero  
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy  
Discovery
In 1937  
In 1922  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
  
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
2,200.00 °C  
9
2,150.00 °C  
10
Boiling Point
4,877.00 °C  
7
5,400.00 °C  
5
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Shiny Gray  
Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
16
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
550.00 MPa  
27
1,450.00 MPa  
6
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
1,520.00 MPa  
10
Speed of Sound
16,200.00 m/s  
1
3,010.00 m/s  
39
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
2.00  
15
Reflectivity
35.00 %  
34
71.00 %  
12
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Tc  
Hf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
32  
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.36  
21
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.51  
31
1.16  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
658.50 kJ/mol  
40
2nd Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,850.00 kJ/mol  
34
2,250.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
14
3,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
28
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
33
6th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
38
10th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
39
6,590.00 kJ/mol  
40
11th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
37
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
40
12th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
33
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
35
14th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
23
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
29
65,800.00 kJ/mol  
34
16th Energy Level
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
24
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
702.50 kJ/mol  
99+
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
36
19th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
658.00 kJ/mol  
37
21st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
23rd Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
702.50 kJ/mol  
28
658.50 kJ/mol  
31
25th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
658.00 kJ/mol  
33
26th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
658.50 kJ/mol  
32
27th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
658.50 kJ/mol  
33
28th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
658.50 kJ/mol  
38
29th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
658.50 kJ/mol  
39
30th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
658.00 kJ/mol  
35
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.52 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.66 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
3.90 eV  
36
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
43  
99+
72  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
43  
99+
72  
99+
Number of Neutrons
55  
99+
106  
30
Number of Electrons
43  
99+
72  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
159.00 pm  
30
Covalent Radius
147.00 pm  
39
175.00 pm  
25
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
98.00 amu  
99+
178.49 amu  
39
Atomic Volume
8.50 cm3/mol  
99+
13.60 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Molybdenum
  
Lutetium
  
Next Element
Ruthenium
  
Tantalum
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)  
3
81.00 (-eV)  
16
Lattice Constant
273.50 pm  
99+
319.64 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
21
1.58  
34
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.00 g/cm3  
36
13.31 g/cm3  
27
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.00 g/cm3  
34
12.00 g/cm3  
31
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
445.00 MPa  
9
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
28
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
78.00 GPa  
27
Poisson Ratio
0.38  
6
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.50  
37
13.31  
30
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
13
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
200.00 nΩ·m  
18
331.00 nΩ·m  
14
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
35
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
53.00 kJ/mol  
23
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.21 J/(kg K)  
30
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
25.73 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
50.60 W/m·K  
30
23.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,150.00 K  
16
2,500.00 K  
11
Thermal Expansion
7.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
5.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
660.00 kJ/mol  
7
661.10 kJ/mol  
6
Enthalpy of Fusion
23.01 kJ/mol  
9
25.10 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Atomization
649.00 kJ/mol  
9
703.00 kJ/mol  
5
Standard Molar Entropy
181.10 J/mol.K  
2
43.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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