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Technetium vs Hafnium

Technetium
Hafnium
Hafnium vs Technetium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tc   
Hf   
Group Number
7   
11
4   
14
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440268   
99+
7440586   
30
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
  • At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
  
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons   
By-product Zirconium Refining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero   
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy   
Discovery
In 1937   
In 1922   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
31
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
27
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
  
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Not Available   
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,200.00 °C   
9
2,150.00 °C   
10
Boiling Point
4,877.00 °C   
7
5,400.00 °C   
5
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Shiny Gray   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
1,450.00 MPa   
6
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,520.00 MPa   
5
Speed of Sound
16,200.00 m/s   
1
3,010.00 m/s   
27
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tc   
Hf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18   
21
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90   
11
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.36   
20
1.23   
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.51   
28
1.16   
37
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10   
99+
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol   
36
658.50 kJ/mol   
40
2nd Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,440.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,850.00 kJ/mol   
33
2,250.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,216.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.52 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.66 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.90 eV   
27
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
43   
99+
72   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
43   
99+
72   
99+
Number of Neutrons
55   
99+
106   
29
Number of Electrons
43   
99+
72   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
159.00 pm   
28
Covalent Radius
147.00 pm   
37
175.00 pm   
23
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
98.00 amu   
99+
178.49 amu   
39
Atomic Volume
8.50 cm3/mol   
99+
13.60 cm3/mol   
38
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Molybdenum
  
Lutetium
  
Next Element
Ruthenium
  
Tantalum
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)   
3
81.00 (-eV)   
16
Lattice Constant
273.50 pm   
99+
319.64 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60   
5
1.58   
12
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.00 g/cm3   
34
13.31 g/cm3   
26
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
12.00 g/cm3   
12
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
445.00 MPa   
8
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
30.00 GPa   
23
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
78.00 GPa   
25
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.50   
24
13.31   
18
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
200.00 nΩ·m   
18
331.00 nΩ·m   
14
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
30
0.03 106/cm Ω   
39
Electron Affinity
53.00 kJ/mol   
18
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.21 J/(kg K)   
29
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K   
99+
25.73 J/mol·K   
36
Thermal Conductivity
50.60 W/m·K   
30
23.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
7.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
5.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
660.00 kJ/mol   
6
661.10 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
23.01 kJ/mol   
9
25.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Atomization
649.00 kJ/mol   
8
703.00 kJ/mol   
5
Standard Molar Entropy
181.10 J/mol.K   
2
43.60 J/mol.K   
34
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