Mercury vs Chromium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg
Cr
Group Number
12
6
6
12
Period Number
6
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439976
99+
7440473
39
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
166.00
6
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
- Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
- Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE
In Between 1797 - 1798
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
1.5 * 10-3 %
7
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.002 %
7
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.30 %
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %
9
0.01 %
13
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
16
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
- It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
- It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3
12
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.
19
0.33 p.p.m.
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available
1,857.00 °C
14
Boiling Point
356.58 °C
99+
2,672.00 °C
39
Appearance
Physical State
Liquid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silver
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
8.50
1
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
687.00 MPa
16
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,060.00 MPa
10
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s
99+
5,940.00 m/s
5
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.00
3
Not Available
Reflectivity
73.00 %
8
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg
Cr
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
21
18
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00
7
1.66
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
1.66
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
1.56
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81
9
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.44
30
1.65
19
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
99+
2.34
36
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
26,130.00 kJ/mol
1
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
28,750.00 kJ/mol
1
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
34,230.00 kJ/mol
1
4th Energy Level
Not Available
37,066.00 kJ/mol
1
5th Energy Level
Not Available
97,510.00 kJ/mol
1
6th Energy Level
Not Available
105,800.00 kJ/mol
1
7th Energy level
Not Available
114,300.00 kJ/mol
1
8th Energy Level
Not Available
125,300.00 kJ/mol
1
9th Energy Level
Not Available
134,700.00 kJ/mol
1
10th Energy Level
Not Available
144,300.00 kJ/mol
1
11th Energy Level
Not Available
26,130.00 kJ/mol
12
12th Energy Level
Not Available
28,750.00 kJ/mol
13
13th Energy Level
Not Available
34,230.00 kJ/mol
10
14th Energy Level
Not Available
37,066.00 kJ/mol
12
15th Energy Level
Not Available
97,510.00 kJ/mol
1
16th Energy Level
Not Available
105,800.00 kJ/mol
2
17th Energy Level
Not Available
114,300.00 kJ/mol
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available
125,300.00 kJ/mol
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available
134,700.00 kJ/mol
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available
144,300.00 kJ/mol
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available
157,700.00 kJ/mol
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
166,090.00 kJ/mol
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
0.32 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV
15
4.50 eV
14
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80
36
24
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
80
36
24
99+
Number of Neutrons
121
22
28
99+
Number of Electrons
80
36
24
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
128.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm
99+
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu
32
52.00 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol
35
7.23 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)
99+
170.00 (-eV)
4
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm
99+
291.00 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3
24
7.19 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
6.30 g/cm3
40
Tensile Strength
Not Available
689.00 MPa
7
Viscosity
0.00
1
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
774.00 (Pa)
1
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
115.00 GPa
9
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
160.00 GPa
11
Young's Modulus
Not Available
279.00 GPa
8
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.21
32
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.53
16
7.19
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Antiferromagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
NA
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m
1
125.00 nΩ·m
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω
25
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
64.30 kJ/mol
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
0.45 J/(kg K)
12
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K
13
23.35 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K
99+
93.90 W/m·K
17
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K
6
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
4.90 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
348.80 kJ/mol
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
15.31 kJ/mol
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
397.50 kJ/mol
21
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K
6
23.80 J/mol.K
99+
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