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Mercury vs Chromium

Mercury
Chromium
Chromium vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg  
Cr  
Group Number
12  
6
6  
12
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439976  
99+
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
R_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.09 %  
2
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %  
9
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
Physical
Melting Point
-38.83 °C  
99+
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
356.58 °C  
99+
2,672.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa  
99+
687.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
0.00 MPa  
99+
1,060.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
5,940.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
2.97  
2
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hg  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
1.66  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.66  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.56  
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81  
17
1.66  
19
Allen Electronegativity
1.44  
34
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
13th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
23rd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
25th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
26th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
27th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
28th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
29th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
30th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV  
20
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
80  
36
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80  
36
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
121  
23
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
80  
36
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu  
32
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm  
99+
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.42  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3  
25
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.55 g/cm3  
27
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
0.00  
4
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
25.00 GPa  
99+
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa  
99+
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53  
27
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
10
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K  
33
1,907.00 K  
24
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
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