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Mercury vs Chromium

Mercury
Chromium
Chromium vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg   
Cr   
Group Number
12   
6
6   
12
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439976   
99+
7440473   
39
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE   
In Between 1797 - 1798   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1.5 * 10-3 %   
7
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.002 %   
7
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.30 %   
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %   
9
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3   
12
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
0.33 p.p.m.   
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available   
1,857.00 °C   
14
Boiling Point
356.58 °C   
99+
2,672.00 °C   
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
8.50   
1
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
687.00 MPa   
16
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,060.00 MPa   
10
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
5,940.00 m/s   
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
3
Not Available   
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg   
Cr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.66   
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
1.66   
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.56   
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81   
9
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.44   
30
1.65   
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.34   
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
1
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
7th Energy level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
12
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
13
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
10
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
12
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
2
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
157,700.00 kJ/mol   
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
166,090.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV   
15
4.50 eV   
14
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80   
36
24   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80   
36
24   
99+
Number of Neutrons
121   
22
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
80   
36
24   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm   
99+
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu   
32
52.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm   
99+
291.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3   
24
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
6.30 g/cm3   
40
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
689.00 MPa   
7
Viscosity
0.00   
1
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
115.00 GPa   
9
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
279.00 GPa   
8
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53   
16
7.19   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Antiferromagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
NA   
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
93.90 W/m·K   
17
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K   
6
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
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