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Zinc


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zn
Group Number
12 6
Period Number
4 4
Block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440666 24
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00 7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Indian metallurgists
Discovery
Before 1000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 % 12
Abundance In Sun
0.00 % 10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.02 % 12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 % 16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 10
Abundance In Humans
0.00 % 7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
In Blood
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3 6
In Bone
170.00 p.p.m. 6
Physical
Melting Point
419.58 °C 65
Boiling Point
907.00 °C 72
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50 15
Brinell Hardness
327.00 MPa 39
Vickers Hardness
207.00 MPa 53
Speed of Sound
3,850.00 m/s 25
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.00 46
Reflectivity
80.00 % 7
Allotropes
No
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Zn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
25 14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.65 20
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.23 7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.66 8
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.65 20
Allen Electronegativity
1.59 25
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.35 35
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol 6
2nd Energy Level
1,733.30 kJ/mol 28
3rd Energy Level
3,833.00 kJ/mol 12
4th Energy Level
5,731.00 kJ/mol 20
5th Energy Level
7,970.00 kJ/mol 15
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol 15
7th Energy level
12,900.00 kJ/mol 9
8th Energy Level
16,800.00 kJ/mol 6
9th Energy Level
19,600.00 kJ/mol 8
10th Energy Level
23,000.00 kJ/mol 10
11th Energy Level
26,400.00 kJ/mol 11
12th Energy Level
29,990.00 kJ/mol 33
13th Energy Level
40,490.00 kJ/mol 5
14th Energy Level
43,800.00 kJ/mol 6
15th Energy Level
47,300.00 kJ/mol 76
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol 55
17th Energy Level
55,900.00 kJ/mol 10
18th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol 11
19th Energy Level
67,300.00 kJ/mol 10
20th Energy Level
171,200.00 kJ/mol 1
21st Energy Level
179,100.00 kJ/mol 1
22nd Energy Level
906.00 kJ/mol 9
23rd Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol 37
24th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol 5
25th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol 4
26th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol 4
27th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol 3
28th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol 6
29th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol 7
30th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol 4
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.22 g/amp-hr 56
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV 24
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic
Atomic Number
30 77
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
30 76
Number of Neutrons
35 59
Number of Electrons
30 76
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm 45
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm 55
Van der Waals Radius
139.00 pm 52
Atomic Weight
65.38 amu 71
Atomic Volume
9.20 cm3/mol 70
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
6
Next Element
24
Valence Electron Potential
38.90 (-eV) 49
Lattice Constant
266.49 pm 75
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86 4
Mechanical
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.14 g/cm3 64
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.57 g/cm3 66
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa 27
Viscosity
0.00 7
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa) 37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa) 37
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa 18
Bulk Modulus
70.00 GPa 20
Young's Modulus
108.00 GPa 21
Poisson Ratio
0.25 24
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.90 65
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m 16
Susceptibility
0.00 6
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Resistivity
59.00 nΩ·m 40
Electrical Conductivity
0.17 106/cm Ω 12
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol 49
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.39 J/(kg K) 14
Molar Heat Capacity
25.47 J/mol·K 48
Thermal Conductivity
116.00 W/m·K 14
Critical Temperature
692.00 K 67
Thermal Expansion
30.20 µm/(m·K) 11
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
7.32 kJ/mol 87
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.32 kJ/mol 51
Enthalpy of Atomization
129.70 kJ/mol 67
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K 50
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