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What is Nickel?
Nickel


Periodic Table
0
Symbol
Ni 0
Group Number
10 8
Period Number
4 4
Block
d block 0
Element Family
Transition Metal 0
CAS Number
7440020 77
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m 0
Space Group Number
225.00 2
Facts
0
Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
0
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals 0
History
0
Who Discovered
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt 0
Discovery
In 1751 0
Abundance
0
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-3 % 4
Abundance In Sun
~0.008 % 3
Abundance In Meteorites
1.30 % 3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 % 15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 % 14
Uses
0
Uses & Benefits
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
0
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry 0
Medical Uses
NA 0
Other Uses
Alloys 0
Biological Properties
0
Toxicity
Toxic 0
Present in Human Body
Yes 0
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3 17
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m. 18
Physical
0
Melting Point
1,453.00 °C 31
Boiling Point
2,732.00 °C 38
Appearance
0
Physical State
Solid 0
Color
Silver 0
Luster
Metallic 0
Hardness
0
Mohs Hardness
4.00 10
Brinell Hardness
667.00 MPa 18
Vickers Hardness
638.00 MPa 16
Speed of Sound
4,900.00 m/s 12
Optical Properties
0
Refractive Index
Not Available 0
Reflectivity
72.00 % 9
Allotropes
No 0
α Allotropes
Not Available 0
β Allotropes
Not Available 0
γ Allotropes
Not Available 0
Chemical
0
Chemical Formula
Ni 0
Isotopes
0
Known Isotopes
25 14
Electronegativity
0
Pauling Electronegativity
1.91 10
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.94 10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75 3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available 0
Allen Electronegativity
1.88 6
Electropositivity
0
Pauling Electropositivity
2.09 43
Ionization Energies
0
1st Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol 25
2nd Energy Level
1,753.00 kJ/mol 25
3rd Energy Level
3,395.00 kJ/mol 17
4th Energy Level
5,300.00 kJ/mol 15
5th Energy Level
7,339.00 kJ/mol 15
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol 9
7th Energy level
12,800.00 kJ/mol 10
8th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol 10
9th Energy Level
18,600.00 kJ/mol 10
10th Energy Level
21,670.00 kJ/mol 14
11th Energy Level
30,970.00 kJ/mol 7
12th Energy Level
34,000.00 kJ/mol 7
13th Energy Level
37,100.00 kJ/mol 7
14th Energy Level
41,500.00 kJ/mol 8
15th Energy Level
44,800.00 kJ/mol 10
16th Energy Level
48,100.00 kJ/mol 12
17th Energy Level
55,101.00 kJ/mol 11
18th Energy Level
58,570.00 kJ/mol 12
19th Energy Level
148,700.00 kJ/mol 1
20th Energy Level
159,000.00 kJ/mol 3
21st Energy Level
169,400.00 kJ/mol 3
22nd Energy Level
182,700.00 kJ/mol 2
23rd Energy Level
194,000.00 kJ/mol 2
24th Energy Level
Not Available 100
25th Energy Level
Not Available 100
26th Energy Level
Not Available 100
27th Energy Level
Not Available 100
28th Energy Level
Not Available 100
29th Energy Level
Not Available 0
30th Energy Level
Not Available 0
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr 58
Electron Work Function
5.15 eV 2
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes 0
Atomic
0
Atomic Number
28 79
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1 0
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC) 0
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100 0
Atom
0
Number of Protons
28 78
Number of Neutrons
31 59
Number of Electrons
28 78
Radius of an Atom
0
Atomic Radius
124.00 pm 49
Covalent Radius
124.00 pm 51
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm 40
Atomic Weight
58.69 amu 73
Atomic Volume
6.59 cm3/mol 62
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
0
Previous Element
30 0
Next Element
6 0
Valence Electron Potential
42.00 (-eV) 43
Lattice Constant
352.40 pm 41
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2 0
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available 0
Mechanical
0
Density
0
Density At Room Temperature
8.91 g/cm3 44
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.81 g/cm3 29
Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa 11
Viscosity
Not Available 0
Vapor Pressure
0
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa) 31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.50 (Pa) 6
Elasticity properties
0
Shear Modulus
76.00 GPa 12
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa 9
Young's Modulus
200.00 GPa 11
Poisson Ratio
0.31 13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile 0
Magnetic
0
Magnetic Characteristics
0
Specific Gravity
8.90 33
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic 0
Permeability
0.00 H/m 2
Susceptibility
600.00 2
Electrical Properties
0
Electrical Property
Conductor 0
Resistivity
69.30 nΩ·m 39
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω 13
Electron Affinity
112.00 kJ/mol 6
Thermal
0
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K) 13
Molar Heat Capacity
26.07 J/mol·K 31
Thermal Conductivity
90.90 W/m·K 18
Critical Temperature
Not Available 0
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K) 28
Enthalpy
0
Enthalpy of Vaporization
371.80 kJ/mol 20
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol 14
Enthalpy of Atomization
422.60 kJ/mol 17
Standard Molar Entropy
29.90 J/mol.K 50
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