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Chromium vs Molybdenum

Chromium
Molybdenum
Molybdenum vs Chromium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cr   
Mo   
Group Number
6   
12
6   
12
Period Number
4   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440473   
39
7439987   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798   
In 1778   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1.5 * 10-3 %   
7
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.002 %   
7
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %   
7
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
13
0.00 %   
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
16
0.00 %   
9
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
16
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3   
12
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.   
21
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,857.00 °C   
14
2,617.00 °C   
5
Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C   
39
4,612.00 °C   
9
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
8.50   
1
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa   
16
1,370.00 MPa   
7
Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa   
10
1,400.00 MPa   
6
Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s   
5
5,400.00 m/s   
6
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
58.00 %   
15
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cr   
Mo   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21   
18
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.66   
18
2.16   
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66   
14
1.15   
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56   
10
1.30   
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
2.16   
3
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.34   
36
1.84   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
684.30 kJ/mol   
37
2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
1,560.00 kJ/mol   
37
3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
2,618.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
1
4,480.00 kJ/mol   
26
5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
5,257.00 kJ/mol   
32
6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
6,640.80 kJ/mol   
22
7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
12,125.00 kJ/mol   
13
8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
13,860.00 kJ/mol   
16
9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
15,835.00 kJ/mol   
16
10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
17,980.00 kJ/mol   
18
11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
12
20,190.00 kJ/mol   
17
12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
13
22,219.00 kJ/mol   
15
13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
10
26,930.00 kJ/mol   
13
14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
12
29,196.00 kJ/mol   
13
15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
52,490.00 kJ/mol   
7
16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
2
55,000.00 kJ/mol   
8
17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
61,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
4
67,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
5
74,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
7
80,400.00 kJ/mol   
10
21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol   
7
87,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol   
6
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
98,420.00 kJ/mol   
6
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,400.00 kJ/mol   
2
25th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
26th Energy Level
Not Available   
127,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
27th Energy Level
Not Available   
133,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
28th Energy Level
Not Available   
139,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
29th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
30th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,500.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.89 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV   
14
4.60 eV   
12
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
24   
99+
42   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
[Kr] 4d5 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
24   
99+
42   
99+
Number of Neutrons
28   
99+
54   
99+
Number of Electrons
24   
99+
42   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
39
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
154.00 pm   
32
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
52.00 amu   
99+
95.95 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
9.40 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Vanadium
  
Niobium
  
Next Element
Manganese
  
Technetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)   
4
88.60 (-eV)   
13
Lattice Constant
291.00 pm   
99+
314.70 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
10.28 g/cm3   
36
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3   
40
9.33 g/cm3   
20
Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa   
7
324.00 MPa   
13
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)   
1
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa   
9
126.00 GPa   
8
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa   
11
230.00 GPa   
6
Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa   
8
329.00 GPa   
6
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
32
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.19   
99+
10.22   
27
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
53.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
0.19 106/cm Ω   
11
Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
71.90 kJ/mol   
14
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
0.25 J/(kg K)   
21
Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K   
17
138.00 W/m·K   
12
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
4.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
594.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
27.61 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
653.00 kJ/mol   
7
Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
28.70 J/mol.K   
99+
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