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Molybdenum vs Chromium

Molybdenum
Chromium
Chromium vs Molybdenum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mo  
Cr  
Group Number
6  
12
6  
12
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439987  
99+
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1778  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
Physical
Melting Point
2,617.00 °C  
5
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
4,612.00 °C  
9
2,672.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
1,370.00 MPa  
7
687.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
1,400.00 MPa  
11
1,060.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
5,400.00 m/s  
9
5,940.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
2.97  
2
Reflectivity
58.00 %  
25
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Mo  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.16  
6
1.66  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.15  
34
1.66  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.56  
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.16  
7
1.66  
19
Allen Electronegativity
2.16  
3
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.84  
99+
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
684.30 kJ/mol  
37
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
1,560.00 kJ/mol  
38
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
2,618.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
36
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
5,257.00 kJ/mol  
99+
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
6,640.80 kJ/mol  
99+
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
12,125.00 kJ/mol  
13
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
13,860.00 kJ/mol  
16
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
15,835.00 kJ/mol  
16
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
17,980.00 kJ/mol  
18
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
20,190.00 kJ/mol  
17
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
22,219.00 kJ/mol  
38
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
13th Energy Level
26,930.00 kJ/mol  
13
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
29,196.00 kJ/mol  
13
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
52,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
55,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
61,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
74,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
23rd Energy Level
98,420.00 kJ/mol  
6
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
104,400.00 kJ/mol  
2
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
25th Energy Level
121,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
26th Energy Level
127,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
27th Energy Level
133,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
28th Energy Level
139,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
29th Energy Level
148,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
30th Energy Level
154,500.00 kJ/mol  
1
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.89 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.60 eV  
17
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
42  
99+
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s1  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
42  
99+
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
54  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
42  
99+
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
154.00 pm  
34
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
95.95 amu  
99+
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.40 cm3/mol  
99+
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Niobium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Technetium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
88.60 (-eV)  
13
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
314.70 pm  
99+
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.03  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.28 g/cm3  
39
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.33 g/cm3  
99+
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
324.00 MPa  
15
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
0.00  
5
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
126.00 GPa  
8
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa  
6
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
329.00 GPa  
6
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Weldable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.22  
40
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
29
0.00  
10
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
-  
Resistivity
53.40 nΩ·m  
99+
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
11
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
Electron Affinity
71.90 kJ/mol  
16
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.25 J/(kg K)  
21
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
138.00 W/m·K  
12
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
2,896.00 K  
6
1,907.00 K  
24
Thermal Expansion
4.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
594.10 kJ/mol  
9
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.61 kJ/mol  
5
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
653.00 kJ/mol  
7
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
28.70 J/mol.K  
99+
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
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