What is Zirconium?

Zirconium

Periodic Table

Symbol

Group Number

4 14

Period Number

5 3

Block

d block

Element Family

Transition Metal

CAS Number

7440677 23

Space Group Name

P63/mmc

Space Group Number

194.00 7

Facts

Interesting Facts

Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.

Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

History

Who Discovered

Martin Heinrich Klaproth

Discovery

In 1789

Abundance

Abundance In Universe

0.00 % 14

Abundance In Sun

0.00 % 16

Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 % 17

Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.01 % 14

Abundance In Oceans

0.00 % 23

Abundance In Humans

0.00 % 18

Uses

Uses & Benefits

As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.

Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.

Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry

Medical Uses

Other Uses

Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes

Biological Properties

Toxicity

Present in Human Body

Yes

In Blood

0.01 Blood/mg dm-3 21

In Bone

0.10 p.p.m. 28

Physical

Melting Point

1,852.00 °C 15

Boiling Point

4,377.00 °C 11

Appearance

Physical State

Solid

Color

Silvery White

Luster

Lustrous

Hardness

Mohs Hardness

5.00 8

Brinell Hardness

638.00 MPa 21

Vickers Hardness

820.00 MPa 22

Speed of Sound

3,800.00 m/s 27

Optical Properties

Refractive Index

2.15 10

Reflectivity

70.00 % 13

Allotropes

α Allotropes

β Allotropes

γ Allotropes

Chemical

Chemical Formula

Isotopes

Known Isotopes

24 15

Electronegativity

Pauling Electronegativity

1.33 31

Sanderson Electronegativity

0.90 44

Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.22 27

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.33 32

Allen Electronegativity

1.32 39

Electropositivity

Pauling Electropositivity

2.67 24

Ionization Energies

1st Energy Level

640.10 kJ/mol 44

2nd Energy Level

1,270.00 kJ/mol 55

3rd Energy Level

2,218.00 kJ/mol 65

4th Energy Level

3,313.00 kJ/mol 70

5th Energy Level

7,752.00 kJ/mol 16

6th Energy Level

9,500.00 kJ/mol 21

7th Energy level

6,400.00 kJ/mol 45

8th Energy Level

6,400.00 kJ/mol 43

9th Energy Level

6,400.00 kJ/mol 40

10th Energy Level

5,730.00 kJ/mol 61

11th Energy Level

6,406.00 kJ/mol 44

12th Energy Level

6,400.00 kJ/mol 58

13th Energy Level

6,400.00 kJ/mol 36

14th Energy Level

640.00 kJ/mol 84

15th Energy Level

64,000.00 kJ/mol 36

16th Energy Level

64,000.00 kJ/mol 27

17th Energy Level

640.10 kJ/mol 48

18th Energy Level

6,400.00 kJ/mol 38

19th Energy Level

640.00 kJ/mol 44

20th Energy Level

640.00 kJ/mol 39

21st Energy Level

640.10 kJ/mol 58

22nd Energy Level

640.00 kJ/mol 33

23rd Energy Level

640.10 kJ/mol 58

24th Energy Level

640.00 kJ/mol 35

25th Energy Level

640.10 kJ/mol 37

26th Energy Level

640.10 kJ/mol 36

27th Energy Level

640.10 kJ/mol 38

28th Energy Level

640.10 kJ/mol 43

29th Energy Level

640.10 kJ/mol 44

30th Energy Level

640.10 kJ/mol 39

Electrochemical Equivalent

0.85 g/amp-hr 67

Electron Work Function

4.05 eV 34

Other Chemical Properties

Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

Atomic

Atomic Number

40 72

Electron Configuration

[Kr] 4d² 5s²

Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

Crystal Lattice

HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100

Atom

Number of Protons

40 71

Number of Neutrons

51 55

Number of Electrons

40 71

Radius of an Atom

Atomic Radius

160.00 pm 29

Covalent Radius

175.00 pm 25

Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm 35

Atomic Weight

91.22 amu 66

Atomic Volume

14.10 cm3/mol 52

Adjacent Atomic Numbers

Previous Element

Next Element

Valence Electron Potential

80.00 (-eV) 18

Lattice Constant

323.20 pm 60

Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

Lattice C/A Ratio

1.59 25

Mechanical

Density

Density At Room Temperature

6.52 g/cm³ 69

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

5.80 g/cm3 74

Tensile Strength

330.00 MPa 14

Viscosity

0.00 12

Vapor Pressure

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa) 37

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.00 (Pa) 21

Elasticity properties

Shear Modulus

33.00 GPa 23

Bulk Modulus

91.10 GPa 18

Young's Modulus

88.00 GPa 24

Poisson Ratio

0.34 10

Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

Magnetic

Magnetic Characteristics

Specific Gravity

6.51 67

Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Permeability

0.00 H/m 17

Susceptibility

0.00 24

Electrical Properties

Electrical Property

Conductor

Resistivity

421.00 nΩ·m 11

Electrical Conductivity

0.02 10⁶/cm Ω 46

Electron Affinity

41.10 kJ/mol 32

Thermal

Specific Heat

0.27 J/(kg K) 19

Molar Heat Capacity

25.36 J/mol·K 50

Thermal Conductivity

22.60 W/m·K 43

Critical Temperature

2,128.00 K 17

Thermal Expansion

5.70 µm/(m·K) 70

Enthalpy

Enthalpy of Vaporization

581.60 kJ/mol 11

Enthalpy of Fusion

20.90 kJ/mol 11

Enthalpy of Atomization

598.00 kJ/mol 12

Standard Molar Entropy

39.00 J/mol.K 54

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