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Tantalum vs Hafnium

Tantalum
Hafnium
Hafnium vs Tantalum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ta   
Hf   
Group Number
5   
13
4   
14
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440257   
99+
7440586   
30
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
  • Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
  
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
By-product Zirconium Refining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg   
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy   
Discovery
In 1802   
In 1922   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-9 %   
31
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
37
0.00 %   
31
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
31
0.00 %   
27
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
  • Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
  
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Bone
0.03 p.p.m.   
28
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,996.00 °C   
4
2,150.00 °C   
10
Boiling Point
5,425.00 °C   
4
5,400.00 °C   
5
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray Blue   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50   
5
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
440.00 MPa   
28
1,450.00 MPa   
6
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa   
12
1,520.00 MPa   
5
Speed of Sound
3,400.00 m/s   
22
3,010.00 m/s   
27
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
78.00 %   
6
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ta   
Hf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50   
27
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.33   
22
1.23   
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.34   
33
1.16   
37
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50   
27
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol   
18
658.50 kJ/mol   
40
2nd Energy Level
1,500.00 kJ/mol   
40
1,440.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,250.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,216.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.35 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.66 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV   
21
3.90 eV   
27
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
73   
99+
72   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
73   
99+
72   
99+
Number of Neutrons
108   
28
106   
29
Number of Electrons
73   
99+
72   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm   
35
159.00 pm   
28
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm   
25
175.00 pm   
23
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
180.95 amu   
38
178.49 amu   
39
Atomic Volume
10.90 cm3/mol   
99+
13.60 cm3/mol   
38
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Hafnium
  
Lutetium
  
Next Element
Tungsten
  
Tantalum
  
Valence Electron Potential
110.00 (-eV)   
7
81.00 (-eV)   
16
Lattice Constant
330.13 pm   
99+
319.64 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.58   
12
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
16.69 g/cm3   
18
13.31 g/cm3   
26
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.00 g/cm3   
9
12.00 g/cm3   
12
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
445.00 MPa   
8
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
31
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
69.00 GPa   
13
30.00 GPa   
23
Bulk Modulus
200.00 GPa   
8
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
186.00 GPa   
13
78.00 GPa   
25
Poisson Ratio
0.34   
10
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
16.65   
11
13.31   
18
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
131.00 nΩ·m   
25
331.00 nΩ·m   
14
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
27
0.03 106/cm Ω   
39
Electron Affinity
31.00 kJ/mol   
29
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K   
99+
25.73 J/mol·K   
36
Thermal Conductivity
57.50 W/m·K   
27
23.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
5.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
753.10 kJ/mol   
2
661.10 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
31.40 kJ/mol   
3
25.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Atomization
782.00 kJ/mol   
3
703.00 kJ/mol   
5
Standard Molar Entropy
41.50 J/mol.K   
37
43.60 J/mol.K   
34
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