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Hafnium vs Tantalum

Hafnium
Tantalum
Tantalum vs Hafnium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hf  
Ta  
Group Number
4  
14
5  
13
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440586  
30
7440257  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
  • Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
  • Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
  
Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy  
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg  
Discovery
In 1922  
In 1802  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
37
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
31
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
  • Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
  • Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.03 p.p.m.  
33
Physical
Melting Point
2,150.00 °C  
10
2,996.00 °C  
4
Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C  
5
5,425.00 °C  
4
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Gray Blue  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa  
6
440.00 MPa  
33
Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa  
10
870.00 MPa  
19
Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s  
39
3,400.00 m/s  
33
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
2.15  
10
Reflectivity
71.00 %  
12
78.00 %  
8
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hf  
Ta  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.50  
28
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.33  
23
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.50  
26
Allen Electronegativity
1.16  
99+
1.34  
38
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.50  
27
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
40
761.00 kJ/mol  
18
2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
9
5th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
19
6th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
36
7th Energy level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
8th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
9th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
38
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
26
10th Energy Level
6,590.00 kJ/mol  
40
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
11th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
40
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
29
12th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
35
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
22
14th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
19
15th Energy Level
65,800.00 kJ/mol  
34
76,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
16th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
76,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
17th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
35
18th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
36
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
25
19th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
32
20th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
37
761.00 kJ/mol  
26
21st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
761.00 kJ/mol  
20
23rd Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
31
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
25th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
33
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
26th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
32
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
27th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
33
761.00 kJ/mol  
15
28th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
38
761.00 kJ/mol  
21
29th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
39
761.00 kJ/mol  
22
30th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
35
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.35 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.90 eV  
36
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
72  
99+
73  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
72  
99+
73  
99+
Number of Neutrons
106  
30
108  
29
Number of Electrons
72  
99+
73  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
30
146.00 pm  
37
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
178.49 amu  
39
180.95 amu  
38
Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol  
99+
10.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lutetium
  
Hafnium
  
Next Element
Tantalum
  
Tungsten
  
Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)  
16
110.00 (-eV)  
7
Lattice Constant
319.64 pm  
99+
330.13 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.41  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm3  
27
16.69 g/cm3  
18
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3  
31
15.00 g/cm3  
23
Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa  
9
180.00 MPa  
20
Viscosity
0.00  
28
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
69.00 GPa  
13
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
200.00 GPa  
8
Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa  
27
186.00 GPa  
14
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.31  
30
16.65  
20
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
13
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m  
14
131.00 nΩ·m  
25
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω  
32
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
31.00 kJ/mol  
35
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K  
99+
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K  
99+
57.50 W/m·K  
27
Critical Temperature
2,500.00 K  
11
3,290.00 K  
4
Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol  
6
753.10 kJ/mol  
2
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol  
8
31.40 kJ/mol  
3
Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol  
5
782.00 kJ/mol  
3
Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K  
99+
41.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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