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What is Gold?
Gold


Periodic Table
0
Symbol
Au 0
Group Number
11 7
Period Number
6 2
Block
d block 0
Element Family
Transition Metal 0
CAS Number
7440575 31
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m 0
Space Group Number
225.00 2
Facts
0
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
0
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals 0
History
0
Who Discovered
Unknown 0
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE 0
Abundance
0
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 % 26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 % 26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 % 52
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 % 50
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 21
Abundance In Humans
0.00 % 18
Uses
0
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
0
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry 0
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry 0
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues 0
Biological Properties
0
Toxicity
Non Toxic 0
Present in Human Body
Yes 0
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3 35
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m. 30
Physical
0
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C 42
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C 36
Appearance
0
Physical State
Solid 0
Color
Gold 0
Luster
Metallic 0
Hardness
0
Mohs Hardness
2.50 14
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa 42
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa 31
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s 44
Optical Properties
0
Refractive Index
Not Available 0
Reflectivity
95.00 % 2
Allotropes
No 0
α Allotropes
Not Available 0
β Allotropes
Not Available 0
γ Allotropes
Not Available 0
Chemical
0
Chemical Formula
Au 0
Isotopes
0
Known Isotopes
36 3
Electronegativity
0
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54 1
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available 0
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42 18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87 7
Allen Electronegativity
1.92 5
Electropositivity
0
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46 53
Ionization Energies
0
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol 8
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol 12
3rd Energy Level
Not Available 0
4th Energy Level
Not Available 0
5th Energy Level
Not Available 0
6th Energy Level
Not Available 0
7th Energy level
Not Available 0
8th Energy Level
Not Available 0
9th Energy Level
Not Available 0
10th Energy Level
Not Available 0
11th Energy Level
Not Available 0
12th Energy Level
Not Available 0
13th Energy Level
Not Available 0
14th Energy Level
Not Available 0
15th Energy Level
Not Available 0
16th Energy Level
Not Available 0
17th Energy Level
Not Available 0
18th Energy Level
Not Available 0
19th Energy Level
Not Available 0
20th Energy Level
Not Available 0
21st Energy Level
Not Available 0
22nd Energy Level
Not Available 0
23rd Energy Level
Not Available 0
24th Energy Level
Not Available 0
25th Energy Level
Not Available 0
26th Energy Level
Not Available 0
27th Energy Level
Not Available 0
28th Energy Level
Not Available 0
29th Energy Level
Not Available 0
30th Energy Level
Not Available 0
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr 21
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV 4
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility 0
Atomic
0
Atomic Number
79 37
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 0
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC) 0
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100 0
Atom
0
Number of Protons
79 37
Number of Neutrons
118 23
Number of Electrons
79 37
Radius of an Atom
0
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm 32
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm 40
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm 39
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu 33
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol 48
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
0
Previous Element
20 0
Next Element
8 0
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV) 41
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm 21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2 0
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61 4
Mechanical
0
Density
0
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3 15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3 6
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa 15
Viscosity
Not Available 0
Vapor Pressure
0
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa) 23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa) 4
Elasticity properties
0
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa 27
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa 9
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa 24
Poisson Ratio
0.40 4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable 0
Magnetic
0
Magnetic Characteristics
0
Specific Gravity
19.32 8
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic 0
Permeability
Not Available 0
Susceptibility
Not Available 0
Electrical Properties
0
Electrical Property
Conductor 0
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m 53
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω 3
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol 1
Thermal
0
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K) 39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K 40
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K 3
Critical Temperature
Not Available 0
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K) 26
Enthalpy
0
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol 27
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol 27
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol 25
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K 32
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