What is Iron?

Iron

Periodic Table

Symbol

Group Number

8 10

Period Number

4 4

Block

d block

Element Family

Transition Metal

CAS Number

7439896 88

Space Group Name

Im_ 3m

Space Group Number

229.00 2

Facts

Interesting Facts

Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.

Sources

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals

History

Who Discovered

Discovery

Before 5000 BC

Abundance

Abundance In Universe

0.11 % 1

Abundance In Sun

0.10 % 1

Abundance In Meteorites

22.00 % 1

Abundance In Earth's Crust

6.30 % 2

Abundance In Oceans

0.00 % 12

Abundance In Humans

0.01 % 6

Uses

Uses & Benefits

Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.

Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Medical Uses

Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

Other Uses

Alloys, Sculptures, Statues

Biological Properties

Toxicity

Non Toxic

Present in Human Body

Yes

In Blood

447.00 Blood/mg dm-3 3

In Bone

380.00 p.p.m. 5

Physical

Melting Point

1,535.00 °C 25

Boiling Point

2,750.00 °C 39

Appearance

Physical State

Solid

Color

Gray

Luster

Metallic

Hardness

Mohs Hardness

4.00 11

Brinell Hardness

200.00 MPa 50

Vickers Hardness

608.00 MPa 27

Speed of Sound

5,120.00 m/s 12

Optical Properties

Refractive Index

2.60 4

Reflectivity

65.00 % 18

Allotropes

Yes

α Allotropes

Ferrite (alpha Iron)

β Allotropes

beta Iron

γ Allotropes

gamma Iron

Chemical

Chemical Formula

Isotopes

Known Isotopes

26 13

Electronegativity

Pauling Electronegativity

1.83 15

Sanderson Electronegativity

2.20 8

Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.64 9

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.83 16

Allen Electronegativity

1.80 15

Electropositivity

Pauling Electropositivity

2.17 41

Ionization Energies

1st Energy Level

762.50 kJ/mol 17

2nd Energy Level

1,561.90 kJ/mol 37

3rd Energy Level

2,957.00 kJ/mol 29

4th Energy Level

5,290.00 kJ/mol 25

5th Energy Level

7,240.00 kJ/mol 25

6th Energy Level

9,560.00 kJ/mol 20

7th Energy level

12,060.00 kJ/mol 15

8th Energy Level

14,580.00 kJ/mol 14

9th Energy Level

22,540.00 kJ/mol 5

10th Energy Level

25,290.00 kJ/mol 8

11th Energy Level

28,000.00 kJ/mol 9

12th Energy Level

31,920.00 kJ/mol 31

13th Energy Level

34,830.00 kJ/mol 9

14th Energy Level

37,840.00 kJ/mol 11

15th Energy Level

44,100.00 kJ/mol 79

16th Energy Level

47,206.00 kJ/mol 64

17th Energy Level

122,200.00 kJ/mol 1

18th Energy Level

131,000.00 kJ/mol 2

19th Energy Level

140,500.00 kJ/mol 3

20th Energy Level

152,600.00 kJ/mol 5

21st Energy Level

163,000.00 kJ/mol 5

22nd Energy Level

173,600.00 kJ/mol 4

23rd Energy Level

188,100.00 kJ/mol 4

24th Energy Level

195,200.00 kJ/mol 1

25th Energy Level

762.00 kJ/mol 15

26th Energy Level

762.50 kJ/mol 15

27th Energy Level

762.50 kJ/mol 14

28th Energy Level

762.50 kJ/mol 20

29th Energy Level

762.50 kJ/mol 20

30th Energy Level

762.00 kJ/mol 15

Electrochemical Equivalent

0.69 g/amp-hr 69

Electron Work Function

4.70 eV 15

Other Chemical Properties

Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility

Atomic

Atomic Number

26 80

Electron Configuration

[Ar] 3d⁶ 4s²

Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

Crystal Lattice

BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100

Atom

Number of Protons

26 79

Number of Neutrons

30 61

Number of Electrons

26 79

Radius of an Atom

Atomic Radius

126.00 pm 50

Covalent Radius

132.00 pm 50

Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm 35

Atomic Weight

55.85 amu 74

Atomic Volume

7.10 cm3/mol 79

Adjacent Atomic Numbers

Previous Element

Next Element

Valence Electron Potential

67.00 (-eV) 20

Lattice Constant

286.65 pm 70

Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

Lattice C/A Ratio

1.35 53

Mechanical

Density

Density At Room Temperature

7.87 g/cm³ 57

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

6.98 g/cm3 64

Tensile Strength

11,000.00 MPa 1

Viscosity

0.00 19

Vapor Pressure

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa) 30

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

36.80 (Pa) 5

Elasticity properties

Shear Modulus

82.00 GPa 11

Bulk Modulus

170.00 GPa 10

Young's Modulus

211.00 GPa 9

Poisson Ratio

0.29 15

Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable, Weldable

Magnetic

Magnetic Characteristics

Specific Gravity

7.20 61

Magnetic Ordering

Ferromagnetic

Permeability

0.01 H/m 1

Susceptibility

200,000.00 1

Electrical Properties

Electrical Property

Conductor

Resistivity

96.10 nΩ·m 32

Electrical Conductivity

0.10 10⁶/cm Ω 24

Electron Affinity

15.70 kJ/mol 40

Thermal

Specific Heat

0.44 J/(kg K) 13

Molar Heat Capacity

25.10 J/mol·K 52

Thermal Conductivity

80.40 W/m·K 22

Critical Temperature

1,811.00 K 29

Thermal Expansion

11.80 µm/(m·K) 44

Enthalpy

Enthalpy of Vaporization

351.00 kJ/mol 33

Enthalpy of Fusion

14.90 kJ/mol 23

Enthalpy of Atomization

414.20 kJ/mol 24

Standard Molar Entropy

27.30 J/mol.K 73

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