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Mercury vs Nickel

Mercury
Nickel
Nickel vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg   
Ni   
Group Number
12   
6
10   
8
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439976   
99+
7440020   
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt   
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE   
In 1751   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
6 * 10-3 %   
4
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.008 %   
3
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
1.30 %   
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %   
9
0.01 %   
15
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
13
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3   
17
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available   
1,453.00 °C   
31
Boiling Point
356.58 °C   
99+
2,732.00 °C   
38
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
4.00   
10
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
667.00 MPa   
18
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
638.00 MPa   
16
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
4,900.00 m/s   
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
3
Not Available   
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
72.00 %   
9
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg   
Ni   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.91   
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
1.94   
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81   
9
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.44   
30
1.88   
6
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.09   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
737.10 kJ/mol   
25
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
1,753.00 kJ/mol   
25
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
3,395.00 kJ/mol   
17
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,300.00 kJ/mol   
15
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,339.00 kJ/mol   
15
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,670.00 kJ/mol   
14
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
30,970.00 kJ/mol   
7
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,100.00 kJ/mol   
7
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
41,500.00 kJ/mol   
8
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
44,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
48,100.00 kJ/mol   
12
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,101.00 kJ/mol   
11
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
58,570.00 kJ/mol   
12
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
159,000.00 kJ/mol   
3
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
169,400.00 kJ/mol   
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
182,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
194,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV   
15
5.15 eV   
2
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80   
36
28   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80   
36
28   
99+
Number of Neutrons
121   
22
31   
99+
Number of Electrons
80   
36
28   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
124.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
124.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm   
99+
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu   
32
58.69 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
6.59 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
42.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm   
99+
352.40 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3   
24
8.91 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
7.81 g/cm3   
29
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
345.00 MPa   
11
Viscosity
0.00   
1
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
19.50 (Pa)   
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
76.00 GPa   
12
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
200.00 GPa   
11
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53   
16
8.90   
33
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
2
Susceptibility
Not Available   
600.00   
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
69.30 nΩ·m   
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω   
13
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
112.00 kJ/mol   
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
26.07 J/mol·K   
31
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
90.90 W/m·K   
18
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K   
6
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
371.80 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
422.60 kJ/mol   
17
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
29.90 J/mol.K   
99+
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