Nickel vs Mercury
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ni
Hg
Group Number
10
8
12
6
Period Number
4
6
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440020
99+
7439976
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
R_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
166.00
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Discovery
In 1751
Before 2000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-3 %
4
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.008 %
3
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
1.30 %
3
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
15
0.05 %
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
13
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
14
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
17
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.
18
0.45 p.p.m.
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,453.00 °C
31
Not Available
Boiling Point
2,732.00 °C
38
356.58 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Liquid
Color
Silver
Silver
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.00
10
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
667.00 MPa
18
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
638.00 MPa
16
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,900.00 m/s
12
1,451.40 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
3
Reflectivity
72.00 %
9
73.00 %
8
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ni
Hg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
25
14
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.91
10
2.00
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.94
10
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75
3
1.44
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.81
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.88
6
1.44
30
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.09
99+
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol
25
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
2nd Energy Level
1,753.00 kJ/mol
25
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
3rd Energy Level
3,395.00 kJ/mol
17
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
4th Energy Level
5,300.00 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
5th Energy Level
7,339.00 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
7th Energy level
12,800.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
8th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
9th Energy Level
18,600.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
10th Energy Level
21,670.00 kJ/mol
14
Not Available
11th Energy Level
30,970.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
12th Energy Level
34,000.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
13th Energy Level
37,100.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
14th Energy Level
41,500.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
15th Energy Level
44,800.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
16th Energy Level
48,100.00 kJ/mol
12
Not Available
17th Energy Level
55,101.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
18th Energy Level
58,570.00 kJ/mol
12
Not Available
19th Energy Level
148,700.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
20th Energy Level
159,000.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
21st Energy Level
169,400.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
22nd Energy Level
182,700.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
23rd Energy Level
194,000.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
Electron Work Function
5.15 eV
2
4.49 eV
15
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
28
99+
80
36
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
28
99+
80
36
Number of Neutrons
31
99+
121
22
Number of Electrons
28
99+
80
36
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
124.00 pm
99+
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
124.00 pm
99+
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm
40
155.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
58.69 amu
99+
200.59 amu
32
Atomic Volume
6.59 cm3/mol
99+
14.82 cm3/mol
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
42.00 (-eV)
99+
28.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
352.40 pm
99+
300.50 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.91 g/cm3
99+
13.53 g/cm3
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.81 g/cm3
29
Not Available
Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa
11
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
0.00
1
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
31
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.50 (Pa)
6
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
76.00 GPa
12
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa
9
Not Available
Young's Modulus
200.00 GPa
11
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.31
13
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.90
33
13.53
16
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
2
Not Available
Susceptibility
600.00
2
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
69.30 nΩ·m
39
961.00 nΩ·m
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
13
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
112.00 kJ/mol
6
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
Molar Heat Capacity
26.07 J/mol·K
31
27.98 J/mol·K
13
Thermal Conductivity
90.90 W/m·K
18
8.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
1,750.00 K
6
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
371.80 kJ/mol
20
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol
14
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
422.60 kJ/mol
17
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
29.90 J/mol.K
99+
75.80 J/mol.K
6
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